Abstract
This paper explores four articles relating to experimenting on laboratory animals in order to answer two questions: should we continue to use of animals for testing and what are the alternatives of animal testing.
It first explores two published articles that describes pro and cons of use of animal for testing. Stephanie (2009) argued about issue and ethics for laboratory animals. Doke and Dhawale (2013) suggest an alternative of animal testing. It explores the strategy of 3 Rs that is reduction, refinement and replacement needs to be applied for laboratory to use on animals. However, Simon and Robin (2007) acknowledged article that is on support of animal testing. He stated that testing on animals have developed many life-saving cures for both humans and animals. There is no adequate alternative to testing on a living, whole-body system. A brief account of these alternatives and advantages associated is discussed in this review.
Keywords: laboratory animals, alternatives, 3Rs
Use of animals for scientific or commercial testing
The first purpose of this paper is to review pro and cons of animal testing using supporting examples. The second purpose of this paper is to examine alternatives of animal testing using 3 Rs strategy.
Literature review
For scientific and commercial test, approximately 25 million animals are used only in United States (Animal Testing ProCon.org, 2017). Supporters of animal testing say that there is no alternative technique for researching a
Animal testing is crucial because without it, scientists might never find developments for biomedical research. Worldwide, there are millions of diseases that create devastation in countless families. However, there are vaccines, cures, and processes that scientists have came up with to help fix this problem. How fast and efficiently they come up with these treatments is the difference in many lives saved. Animal testing has been proven to speed up the process of collecting research
With technological advancement in today’s world, it is necessary to stop and reevaluate the means of which scientific testing is being done. Being a controversial topic discussed for years, animal testing is scientific experiments involving animals being forced into harmful and cruel situations. Scientist insert deathly diseases into animals and they use many techniques to try and cure the illness. By looking at the factors of animal testing, one can see that it is appalling which is important because understanding the flaws of animal testing will help shape a better future for the scientific community.
Using animals as testing experiments have benefited the world in more ways than one. A few breakthroughs from
Animal testing, also known as animal research or experimentation refers to the use of non-human animals to conduct experiments which seek to control certain variables that have the potential to impact the biological systems or behaviors under study. The most commonly used animals are usually mice, cats, rats, dogs and primates. More than 20 million animals are usually subjected to food, drugs, chemical and cosmetic testing each year in the United States alone (Sharma et al, p.1). These animals usually suffer and die in the cruelest of ways despite the fact that there exist more modern non-animal tests which have been found out to save time, money and with more educational value. This essay explains why animal testing is bad and provides
A long time of debates go back and forth on the rights of all animals with further argument or debates, do humans have the right to use animals on medical testing and lab use? There are several issues that can be placed in this argument this research will acknowledge four important topics in the rights of animal testing. Is it right to use animals for testing? Is it right to compare animal DNA to human DNA in these animal experiments? Is it right to use real animals instead of computers to generate results? Is it right to state animals are being protected and cared for while giving toxins to make them sick? Therefore, the question needs to be asked if animals should be used for scientific experiments in labs all across the globe.
Animal testing has served many purposes in the development in medicine. Without the use of animal testing, humans would have no knowledge of the effects of a medicine, vaccine or product. The practice of using animals in research studies began with William Harvey's experiments in the seventeenth century. Harvey explained “By using different species to conduct his study, Harvey aimed to demonstrate blood circulation (Human Health).” Since then the abundance of animal research became the basis of medical, and scientific studies. Animals have made major breakthroughs in both the scientific and medical realm, however, the use of such testing is often considered inhumane and unjust. I will be evaluating
Based on this, the hypothesis is that animal testing is a gift of life and hope for everyone. The main purpose of animal testing is that it helps in the search for drugs and treatments to improve health and medicine. Keep in mind that many medical procedures have been made possible by animal experimentation, like HIV and cancer drugs, insulin, antibiotics, vaccines and many more. We can conclude that some experiments are considered essential for treatment of diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s. Also the procedures to treat heart disease as is the case of open heart and lung surgery, coronary bypass improves blood flow to the heart, and the replacement of a defective heart valve. We should also mention the techniques and equipment for renal dialysis. Radiation therapy also was tested first in mice and rats. The cure for measles, smallpox, blood transfusions, and microsurgery to reattach severed limbs. In other promising research on lessons of the spinal cord and paralysis, so-called neurological, trying to find ways to repair nerve tissue and restore movement. These are some of the reasons why the scientific community and much of society support this practice. Which shows that without animal testing, many humans, and also animals would not be alive today, would not have been possible to eradicate many pests that plague mankind.
It is estimated that each year over 100 million animals in the United States are used for animal testing (ProCon.org, 2017). This is unlikely an underestimate as it is impossible to receive a correct count worldwide. Thousands of animals are to be euthanized from the complications they endure from testing. Animals are used to test scientific developments and commercial products. New medical and non-medical experiments are tested on animals to verify the harmfulness of new medications or the safety of a product that will be used on humans. Although the importance of animal testing brings more medical advancement over the years using fewer humans in experiments, it is still an expensive way of researching inaccurate results and at the same time, it is a practice of animal cruelty.
In this project ,my group members focus on the effect and alternatives of animal testing. Animal testing also known as animal experimentation or in-vivo research is the use of non-human animals in experiments, in other words, it is the procedure performed on living animals for purposes of research into basic biology and diseases. For example, test new medical products, to make sure it is safe for human use. There are many different species are used around the world, but the most common include mice, monkey, fish, rats, rabbits, hamsters, birds, cats, dogs. And farm animals,
As the number of animals being used in animal testing goes up, many people pose a concern about the subject. There are around 100 million animals that are killed in the United States each year alone in animal testing (“Experiments”). These animals are tested for medical training, chemical, drug, food, cosmetics, biology lessons, and even curiosity driven experiments Animals including cats, dogs, rats, guinea pigs, monkeys, and many others are used. Alternative testing options are ways that scientists can still study and research different things while also saving the lives of animals that are used in animal testing everyday. Even though many people depend on animal testing to discover different cures
This scholarly article's main focus is proving that the use of animals in medical testing is both unethical and unnecessary by providing evidence and multiple statistics. Its main points are that the results using of animal testing is very unreliable,
“Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year” (11 Facts). Animal testing is a very flawed creation in today’s world. This innovation has caused much harm to many animals while also hurting the opinions of animal activists around the world. Animal testing is also known as the use of animals in experiments and development projects usually to determine toxicity, dosing and efficacy of test drugs before proceeding to human clinical trials (Biology Online). The use of animal testing has been around for throughout all of history, it also carries its disadvantages as they diminish the lives of many animals along with their unspoken opinion while also having some advantages, and lastly this notion is very expensive (Scutti).
The Society of Toxicology, a group of doctors and scientist dedicated to creating a safer and healthier world through the advancement of toxicology, issued this statement recently, “research involving laboratory animals is necessary to ensure and enhance human and animal health and protection of the environment” (citation). Animal testing, a long debated issue, refers to the use of animals in experiments. It is used to assess the effectiveness of everything from medication to cosmetics. As a practice animal testing can be traced back to the 3rd of 4th centuries BCE when Aristotle and others preformed dissections on live animals. Today, approximately 13-25
It has been proven that “animal research has played a vital part in nearly every medical breakthrough over the last decade” states Understanding Animal Research, an advocacy group that aims to demonstrate the need for humane animal research. Animal testing acts as a huge help to the well-being and health of
Animal research is a very controversial topic. This form of testing should be the top funding priority because of all the scientific advances that have been made. This paper will highlight a few of the many reasons that animal testing is a very useful scientific tool.