Pros And Cons Of Circumcision

Male circumcision has long been a debate with decisions based on cultural, ethnic, religious and social preference of the parent. There are both benefits and risks associated with the procedure of male circumcision. The procedure involves the removal of some or, the entire foreskin around the penis. Neonatal circumcision is rising among English speaking countries and it is known now that more than 80% of the male population has been circumcised. (CDC, 2006) This number is rising however; studies show that there is insufficient evidence to recommend neonatal circumcision as a routine decision. (AAP, 2006). Many debates of this procedure relate to the benefits versus the risk and medical costs that the procedure entails. This paper

the act of circumcision, both boys and girls are able to take on new responsibilities in their

Per WebMD “Male circumcision is a surgery to remove the foreskin, a fold of skin that covers and

The topic of the infant male circumcision is a controversial subject in the United States. This procedure involves a non-reversible surgical procedure that removes the prepuce, commonly called the foreskin, thus exposing the glans of the penis (Blank, et al., 2012). Currently this is considered a cosmetic procedure per surgical standards, and is performed upon the request of the parents of the newborn. The decision to have a circumcision performed is usually based upon personal, cultural, and religious factors. However, the overall view of the impact of the procedure on the newborn infant varies in our country, and has led to two conflicting camps of ideology. The pro-circumcision movement focuses on the potential health benefits gained of a circumcision, and feels it is a necessary procedure. The anti-circumcision movement claims there are no health benefits and that the procedure violates the fundamental human rights of the infant (Collier, 2012). Following extensive research, I have found that there is evidence-based proof that circumcision improves the overall health of the male newborn, with prolonged health benefits into adulthood. Circumcisions provide the health benefits of decreased rates of urinary tract infections(UTIs), reduced transmission of sexually transmitted disease, prevention of phimosis, and improved penile hygiene (Blank, et al., 2012, Marx & Lawton, 2008, Morris, Bailis, & Wiswell, 2014).

subject to what she is told to do by her husband. That is, due to past

Females bodies are forcefully mutilated and depreciated to supposably better their lives when they become older despite health complications and failed child birth. Mother’s who cared about her daughter's future embraced circumcision. At a very young age mothers would take their daughters to an Elder with little to no education about the female reproductive organs” slicing off all or part of a woman's clitoris and labia as part of a ceremony that is often conducted around the time that the woman reaches puberty”(Khazan) A female who was not circumcised wasn't considered as normal and thought never to be married to a desirable husband. People felt like “ [...it will make a woman look more beautiful in the eyes of her husband…]”(Corbett). Woman depreciated their self-worth by mutilating their bodies to please or to be accepted

Throughout history, there has been a controversial argument on whether female genital mutilation should be banned from Africa. Some people describe female genital mutilation or FGM as a violation of women’s rights and others view it as served for a religious purpose having to do with the Islamic holy book, the Qur’an. Female Genital Mutilation is the removal of all or part of the external parts of the female genitalia. There are three different types of FGM; the first type of FGM is the Sunna Circumcision which is the removal of the tip of the clitoris. The second type is Clitoridectomy which is the removal of the entire clitoris and the adjacent labia. The third type is Infibulation which is the removal of the clitoris and the entire labia including the labia majora and minora. After the removal of the entire labia, the joining of the scraped sides are brought together using thorns or catgut, leaving only a small portion open for menstruation and urinating. Africa has the highest rates of FGM being performed. About 100 million women and girls are affected by FGM and at least 3 million girls are at risk undergoing this process every year. FGM is usually carried out by an elderly woman who is paid fees from the family of the girl undergoing this process (P.a.p.-Blog par. 2, 4). Female Genital Mutilation is usually performed on girl between the ages of three and adulthood. According to the UNICEF or United

Circumcision is considered "normal" in America, but what if it isn't as normal as we think? Did you know that most of the world does not participate in this practice? Here are some reasons why, if you have a baby boy, you should reconsider getting him circumcised.

On the issue of male circumcision Hanna Rosin presents arguments that support the procedure while Michael Idov argues against the act. Rosin begins her argument by describing her own experiences when her sons were circumcised and the anger she felt when hearing them howl in pain. However, she follows this up with an acknowledgment that the feeling quickly dissipated once her sons were completely healed. Rosin then goes on to describe many of the benefits of circumcision, focusing in on the health aspect. Specifically, her argument hinges on studies that correlate a higher rate of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to men that are uncircumcised. Michael Idov also utilizes the health angle to support his argument and even

Too, as a mother, I struggled much with the decision on whether to circumcise my son. Though I was well read on the matter, the idea of inflicting pain to this little wonder I had spent nine-months protecting appeared nearly counterproductive and in some dark spaces of my mind, plain cruel. However, my husband steady inflection of “this must be done” kept a fair amount of fear from overwhelming me. He certainly voiced more opinions on the subject than me, and personally, my argument was largely overlooked due to my lacking the appropriate appendage to relate. Looking back now, I find my concerns had more to do with medical implications of the procedure, while my husband’s foundations for circumcision spawned from values. Our text even boasts

In the USA, newborn male circumcision is a very common procedure, three-quarters of American men are circumcised. Though the rate of infant circumcision has always been high in the USA, the number varies depending on the State, “Circumcision rates vary wildly across the country - from more than 80% of newborns in states including Nebraska, Iowa, Wisconsin and Kentucky, to around 20% on the West coast, according to some calculations” (Hebblethwaite, C.,2012, August 21). However, in other countries, such as The UK, rates dropped after the National Health Service (NHS) rules that circumcisions was not medically necessary, so it would not be covered. In 1948 one-third of UK men were circumcised and now about 9% of men are. On the other hand, countries

Some of the short term or immediate effects are bleeding and hemorrhaging, which can cause some women to bleed to death. Infection, which can happen no matter the circumstance, were the wound is infected and a abscess forms causing a host of other problems including death. The female may also experience pain both during the female circumcision, were generally no anesthesia is used, and after when you have to urinate on open wounds. Lastly but certainly not least the trauma from being held down to have the procedure and have a piece of what makes you a women taken away from you. Some of the long term effects include problems going to the bathroom, especially for those we were only left with a small opening to urinate or for the passing of menstrual blood, type 3 female circumcision. Not being able to have sex, gynecological health issues, and increased risk of STDs are also among the long term effects along with problems conceiving, carrying, and laboring a child. Womenshealth.org reported saying “ Infertility rates among women who have had FGC are as high as 25 to 30 percent and are mostly related to problems with being able to achieve sexual intercourse. The scar that covers the vagina makes this very difficult. Once pregnant, a woman can have drawn out labor, tears, heavy bleeding, and infection during delivery…” In addition to the many other health concerns regarding female circumcision it also can cause psychological and emotional stress. Since this procedure is generally done on females under 10 they do not fully understand there cultures reason or belief behind them doing such a procedure causing them in the future to have problems sleeping, anxiety, and

The argument that people who are for female excision generally tend to make is that female excision is beneficial. (Rachels, 27) These types of people claim that this surgery is beneficial to the women, men and families of the children that are getting excised. (Rachels, 27) It seems that they have simply forgotten the most important person that is involved in this type of surgery, the young females that have to endure the pain and suffering that goes along with female excision.

On the two stories from the reading 25 and 26, we can find two sides connections, as I find a different situation between male circumcision and female genital cutting. These two topics show a different relation just on the fact that male circumcision is a procedure for a safety matter in or a protection against STDs and HIV, but referring to (Darby, 273) I quote this line “Laumann found that circumcised men had more STDs, and the United States reports an HIV incidence six-time grater than Japan”. This line clarifies that that circumcision is not a safe practice to avoid any STDs but this actions that families make to their kids at a younger age is just for the matter of safety knowing that is not going to protect them from any type of sexually

The view of female circumcision to a functionalist would center on the thought that it keeps young girls virgins and wives faithful to their husbands. A propose for this is that it lessens the women’s sexual desire. What thy leave out is that many women find sex painful because of their circumcision. They also lave out the tools they use aren’t clean, and you rub dirt in it to heal you get nothing for the pain, and it can easily become infected. It keeps stability in the tribes so the women only reproduce with the men in their tribe, and it helps to minimize the spreading of sexual decease. What they leave out of the article is you are required to marry in your tribe or be considered an outcast, and your circumcision just enforces that their