Pros And Cons Of Cloning

Defining Cloning. Depending upon the use of the word ‘clone’, or any technical term related to the word, there are a vast number of meanings, but many scientists have agreed upon one, broad definition. “Cloning is the process of creating a cell, tissue line, or even a complete organism from the cell,” (Maienschein 423).

Animal cloning started without the world even knowing. First, an animal clone is “an exact physical copy of one ‘parent’” (Newman 12). “Animal cloning experiments began in the 1960’s. Frogs were the first subjects. By 1987 scientists had begun cloning cows and other mammals” (Newman 12). Dolly the sheep was the first big cloning success, credited to Ian Wilmut in 1996 (Praded 21). This sheep was a scientific breakthrough, but it also caused many people to question the intents of scientists. Many people wondered if scientists would clone humans next. The original intent of animal cloning was not for the food industry. The reason animal cloning started was to find a way to help cure currently untreatable diseases (“Why Do Scientists Clone?”). By cloning cells, scientists will be able to manipulate the cells to become something new.

that goes into creating a clone. First, scientist remove a somatic cell from an animal that they

The first equine wasn't cloned until 2003. However, the first organism was cloned in 1928. Hans Spemann was the first person to create a clone, he cloned a frog. The most well known clone may have been Dolly the sheep. Dolly was born in 1996, that was the year cloning became more popular. (Bell Clone Age)

In fact, the very first experiment related to Cloning happened in 18th century, too, when scientist Hans Adolf Edward Dreisch an artificial embryo twinning of Sea urchin. In the experiment, Dreisch did nothing more than swinging the two-celled sea urchin embryo, and it splits into two complete cells which have full capability of growing into a complete organism. After that, scientists in 19th century,

According to Kathleen R. Brooks and Jayson L. Lusk (2011) Animal cloning is a process in which scientists can copy the genetic or inherited traits of an animal.

Numerous attempts are being made in the hopes of finding an answer to the problem of the millennium. The concept of cloning has caught scientists attention throughout this past century. "The world has to come to grips that the cloning technology is almost here,” a representative for a European research group, Panos Zavos. Clones are life forms that have identical genetic coding. A clone is an organisms replica. Originating in the late 1880’s; the first record of synthetic embryo

Introduction: Cloning hit the mainstream as a scientific debate when scientists cloned a lamb named Dolly in 1996. Cloning is a process that results in an identical genetic copy of a biological product such as cells, tissues, genes or entire entities. After

The website also elaborates on the history of animal cloning as it lists all animals that have successfully been cloned before, which includes: tadpole, sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur. Furthermore it discusses the implication of cloned organs as transplants and touches up on the risk of cloning. The ethical side of cloning is also discussed shortly.

Over the years, there has been quite number of animals that have been cloned. One of the most famous cloning in history has been the cloning of the first mammal Dolly the sheep. Some examples of other animal cloning has been the mouse Cumulina, who was born on October 3, 1997 and her name actually comes from method of cloning used, in which there was the cumulus cells. In the year of 2004, fruit files were cloned. It actually took scientists 800 attempts to clone five fly clones. Another would be Dewey, the deer who became the first deer to be cloned. He was a white tailed deer, who was cloned from a buck. He was born on May 23 to a surrogate mother.

The first idea of cloning began in 1938, when scientist Hans Spemann had the idea to replace the nucleus of an egg with the nucleus of another cell. Mr. Spemann did this in an attempt to grow a new embryo; however, the experiment was unsuccessful (Copernicus Science Centre). A successful attempt in the field of cloning did not occur until the 1970’s when Scientist John B. Gurdon successfully cloned a frog. However, each clone did not survive passed the stage of a tadpole. Scientist Gurdon was questioned by the public as to whether or not his practices were morally and ethically correct, especially since he was unable to successfully clone a mammal. (Copernicus Science Centre). The cloning of a mammal was not successful until 1997 when the

What do you think cloning is? Well, let me assist you with that question. Cloning is very similar to the process that occurs when twins are developing (Medicine). Hans Spemann decided to dip into the unknown, he fastened a string around the embryo of a salamander, slowly tightening the string, until it formed two halves (History of Cloning). This process created Identical salamanders, this was the ultimate breakthrough to all genetic testing (History of Cloning). John Gordon followed the pursuit, but he wanted to see if a similar procedure would work on frog embryos (History of Cloning). He discovered, that when you take an intestinal cell of a frog, and insert it into an embryo, without a nucleus, which developed into a frog egg (History of

With the success in frogs, a simpler organism, scientists then began experimenting with the cloning of mammals. Clones of mammals were first produced by taking nuclei from the cells of sheep, cattle, and mice embryos and inserting the nuclei into egg cells. The resulting eggs were implanted in surrogate mother animals which gave birth to offspring that had the genetic characteristics of only one parent, the donor of the nucleus. In 1997, Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut announced the birth of a clone of an adult mammal. The team of scientists had taken a mature cell from the breast gland of a female sheep and used it to produce an embryo which was then implanted into a surrogate sheep. The embryo developed and soon a lamb named Dolly was born who was genetically identical to the sheep that had provided the original breast gland cell. Dolly later grew up and had a lamb of her own, proving that clones can reproduce.

Cloning may seem futuristic and nothing to worry about, but people research this topic since more than a hundred and fifty years. Allison Royal, author of The History of Cloning Humans and Animals, asserts the first actual cloning was conducted by Hans Driesch in 1885 (2). He cloned a sea urchin through a process called embryo twinning. About twenty years later, Hans Spemann cloned a salamander with the same process claims Cloning’s Historical Timeline (1). But the term clone was established after that, from Herbert Webber who defined a clone as “any group of cells or organisms produced asexually from a single sexuelly produced ancestor” (qtd. in Cloning’s Historical Timeline 1). Marie Di Berardino asserts in the 1950s, the modern-used cloning process of nuclear transfer got invented by Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King, who cloned an American Frog (4).

When I looked up the definition for cloning on www.m-w .com it stated that cloning is to propagate a clone from or to make a copy of. A book on cloning that I read stated that cloning is genetically identical cells. Cloning’s history is as early as 1952 and the first cell transferring was in 1970. The cell process was not 100 percent accurate every time. Back in the 1970’s many scientists struggled with trying to clone something and it