Pros And Cons Of IVF Cause Birth Defects

In Vitro Fertilization, or IVF for short, is a medical procedure where an embryo is created outside the body under artificial laboratory conditions . IVF involves a five-step process: ovulation induction, egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo development, and embryo transfer 1. In brief, the technique involves using medicine to help stimulate the natural ovary process, increasing the production of eggs. The removal of matured eggs follows and fertilization occurs in a Petri dish 2. The fertilized egg, embryo, is carefully monitored and cultured through incubation for several days and once healthy, is transferred to the uterus of the surrogate for implantation . Because of the unnatural

Implantation failure and miscarriage are the two most common reasons for an unsuccessful IVF cycle. Implantation failure is defined as three or more failed IVF attempts. PGD is being used to improve implantation and decrease the number of miscarriage by testing for a specific chromosomal condition called aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is a situation in which either the egg or sperm has an extra (trisomy) or missing (monosomy) chromosome and is the cause of fifty percent or more pregnancy losses. An embryo with a monosomy will cease to grow before implantation. Only a few carrying a trisomy chromosome would develop to term. Those that are carried to term result in physical and mental defects such as Down's syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, trisomy thirteen and trisomy eighteen. By using PGD to transfer only chromosomally normal embryos, the number of pregnancies going to term will increase and births resulting in defects will minimize (Cohen). The accuracy of the PGD for aneuploidy is about ninety percent; however it does not increase the chances of successful IVF procedure.

Spriggs, M., the author of “saviour siblings” present in his article his main idea which is to reveal in which specific cases is this method of designing a baby acceptable, under what conditions, and why. He includes in his article different points of view regarding what people, doctors and scientists think of that method. The IVF method of having a baby is permitted under certain conditions and for specific cases, for people who have a history of infertility and genetic diseases. He makes his point clear by saying that this method of designing babies is by no means a “toy” and should be used only in extreme cases. In England for instance, the

One important medical discovery that has affected the lives of so many people is insulin. First isolated by scientists from the University of Toronto, insulin is the life-saving hormone used to control blood sugar. For diabetics who are either missing this hormone or unable to produce it in a way their body can regulate, the development of artificial insulin was and continues to be transformative. The discovery of insulin has meant the difference between life and death for many of those suffering from diabetes and therefore, has largely advanced modern medicine as well as affected the lives of countless diabetics and their loved ones. Another substantial medical advancement that has become extraordinarily prominent is in-vitro fertilization. Initially introduced by Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards in the 1970s to treat female infertility caused by damaged or blocked fallopian tubes, in-vitro fertilization, or IVF, has given hope to millions of couples suffering from infertility. This advancement has proven to be extremely important to many people, especially to couples who wish to conceive their own children and experience pregnancy and childbirth. While like any medical procedure that interferes with natural childbirth, IVF is controversial. Nonetheless, it has proven to be a truly amazing breakthrough in science that has drastically changed the lives of so many previously childless

Laura A. Schieve et al. conducted a study with 42,463 infants born between the years of 1996 and 1997 with the help of assisted reproductive technology and 3,389,098 infants born in 1997 in

In vitro is a helpful way for parents who themselves, cannot conceive, which is a good resource of the technology that in vitro fertilization portrays. A negative impact would be using in vitro in order to create a savior sibling. Doctors can now create ways to save their patients through science, which can affect the lives of many.

The process behind reproduction has been taken for granted since the time of Gregor Mendel. “The two ‘gametes’ (female egg and male sperm) combine to form a one-celled embryo (technically known as a zygote), which divides and divides again in careful choreography to form an embryo, which grows and unfolds to become a facsimile, or near facsimile, of its parents, combining features of both” (Tudge, 51). InVitro fertilization then becomes the basics of combining egg and sperm, a concept that would be understood by those of Mendel’s time. As the technology advances and the controversy develops, the question of whether there is an ethical distinction between preventing genetic diseases and enhancing traits comes to the discretion of the public.

Thanks to assisted reproductive technology (ART), uncountable couples unable to conceive on their own have been able to have children. However there are some risks that come with this miraculous tool including the increased probability of preterm birth, low birth weight, and imprinting disorders such as Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Angelman Syndrome, and Silver-Russell Syndrome.

In-vitro fertilization like any other procedure can be dangerous. Doctors don’t usually recommend everyone who does not have children to try IVF. A successful pregnancy might result in a healthy baby born, but its not the outcome for everyone who goes through IVF. The success of IVF process is not guaranteed. Its 50% chances of getting pregnant and those who become pregnant, their pregnancies won’t result in a healthy baby. IVF can also damage reproductive organs or can create problems like low sperm count for male. Another disadvantage of IVF is because the process involves an operative procedure, there are the associated risk of infection, anaesthetic risks and haemorrhage. “Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is also a risk that associated with treatment where the ovaries are stimulated through the use of medications, to make multiple eggs. This of course is what happens in IVF and as such, OHSS is a risk of patients undergoing this treatment”(staff of mayo clinic). As with most medical procedure, there are potential risks. More severe symptoms, typically from OHSS includes: decreased urinary frequencies, shortness of breath, faintness, severe stomach pains and vomiting. Moreover, egg retrieval in which eggs are harvested using an aspiring needle that may cause damage, infection, or

This is a form of assisted reproduction that is commonly used by mothers that cannot become pregnant by conventional means. It was developed in the United Kingdom by Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards. The use of a variation of IVF is a major component of this paper. This variation involves the combination of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and tissue typing. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis or PGD is when doctors genetically analyze the artificially fertilized embryos created through IVF to select for an embryo that has a desired genotype or traits. This procedure allows physicians to identify embryos that carry genetic alterations that can cause disease or embryos that contain a genetic makeup that is similar to a sibling, in the case of ‘savior sibling’

Reproductive and genetic technologies such as embryo screening prior to transfer would move from potential disease and genetic deficits to baby enhancement with minimal to no risk to the mother, thus allowing infertile couples to not only conceive, but further giving them the potential to achieve healthy and genetically sound babies (Schäfer, Baumann, & Kettner, 1996). Furthermore, technologies such as prenatal screenings, allow couples to make informed decisions on whether to terminate a genetically abnormal fetus keeping risk to the mother at a minimal and alleviating a burden not only to the parents, but society as a whole. Lastly, this technology provides advanced genetic knowledge that can allow for

Although there is concern that raising a fetus in an artificial womb will impede on a precious relationship between mother and child formed during pregnancy, ectogenesis has benefits that far outweigh this apprehension. These benefits include advancement for women in the work force, greater safety during gestation (for both mother and child), greater safety during the

People all around the world are different and unique in many different ways. Some people are blessed with blue eyes or brown eyes, some people are tall, and some are short. Everyone is clearly different in their own way. Just as some people are born differently than others. More and more people everyday are becoming pregnant through the process of in-vitro fertilization. What is in-vitro fertilization? In-vitro fertilization is a complex series of procedures used to treat fertility or genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child. In-vitro fertilization is slowly yet surely becoming a more and more popular way of conceiving a child; however, it is not always easily available to potential parents. Many people have become

Since 1978 the first child was born outside a woman’s body through Reproduction Technology (IVF), her name was Louis Brown in England. Reproductive medicine and the test-tube baby has been highly advertized in the western world. This technology is “miracle cure” for infertility (Klein 1)

For more than 35 year IVF helps a lot of people all over the world to have a baby. From the first successful case of a “test tube baby” in 1978 it is a controversial topic for people whether it is a good idea to have a baby with the help of technologies or not.