Pros And Cons Of Life Insurance Underwriters

It is patients’ right to opt for genetic testing on their own DNA, although they are accepting a great risk by doing so.

The benefits of genetic science for society is for employers who want to know if their employers are in excellent working condition and if the worker will cause them more money when obtaining health insurance. If an employer hires someone that that is healthy then the cost of health insurance does not rise and the employee will not have to downgrade their health insurance plan so that they can accommodate the employee that is not healthy. The limitations of genetic science for society are the possibility of genetic testing causing safety issues at work, the development of a genetic low class, the breach of privilege and confidentiality, and the utilization of genetic bias to excuse different methods of discrimination (Krumm, 2002).

There are two main ways genetic testing places a constraint on a child’s right to an open future. The first of these is that the revelation of a child’s disease status can change his life narrative and the way parents and others treat him, and substantially alter his or her life’s trajectory (Davis _____). Parents may feel guilty or shelter their not-yet-sick

In Improvements in Prenatal Genetic Testing Raise Ethnic Issues, R. J. Crayton produced an article about prenatal testing and whether or not parents should be allowed to have these tests done. First the situation of a high risk baby who will have a disability or defect after birth, so the parents decide to abort the child is being viewed as an inequality to the disabled community. Secondly, certain adoptions are put on hold since the biological parents chose to not carry the unborn child through the entire pregnancy, however, the surrogate mother wants to carry the child through the entire term. Lastly, research shows that the results can be a false positive, so unintentionally the parents decide not to keep the unknown, but healthy baby.

Genetic discrimination is judgement based on one’s genetic characteristics or chromosomes. In 2008, the “Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act” (GINA) was passed, this act would prohibit discrimination based on genetics; moreover, GINA would prevent employers and health insurance providers from increasing health insurance rates based on one’s genetic disposition, which I will discuss further. In this paper, I will discuss the key purpose of GINA, summarize the five congressional findings that impelled the formation of GINA.

In the following, I will attempt to map out the current debate as it applies to genetic screening and testing, with special attention paid to the criticism offered by disability studies theory and disability rights advocates. I will begin with a brief overview of the traditional arguments in favor of reproductive liberty and a more permissive stance toward the use of genetic technology. This will include a discussion of autonomy as the underlying ethical principle at work, and the related focus on informed consent as both a guiding axiom and common target of criticism. The principle of beneficence is a crucial underlying

As the number and availability of various genetic tests have grown, so too has a fear among Americans that their genetic information may be used for purposes other than curing or preventing diseases. This paper looks at the law Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act passed in 2008 and how it influences the workplace and the health insurance practices.

As a group, HHS (Health and Human Services) says, these people “have been particularly vulnerable to insurance industry abuses” and face barriers to obtaining care from qualified providers to help them. Not only does the Affordable Healthcare plan provide a safety net for citizens living with HIV/AIDS, it also expands Medicaid so that those with low incomes can get early access to treatment, while also eliminating limits on their lives. Many citizens living with HIV/AIDS have issues obtaining health Insurance because of their pre-existing condition. At the same time these citizens can not apply for Medicaid because some of them are not ‘sick’ enough to be considered ill or disabled and the government thinks that people have to be in a bad condition

Therefore, in 2008, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act prohibit discrimination on the basis of genetic information with respect to health insurance and employment. Employer cannot refuse to hire, or to discharge, any employee because of genetic information. In addition, it is unlawful to request, require or purchase genetic information of the employee (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2008). However, even with genetic non-discrimination legislation, mutation carriers may find themselves ineligible for life insurance and other long-term

The AA recently revealed that insurers are instead using factors other than gender to provide premiums for their customers. Insurers are analysing the correlation between a range of different characteristics and the likelihood of policyholders being liable in personal injury claims and motor vehicle accident claims - such as age, occupation, type of vehicle, experience and postcode - to determine the premiums each customer should be offered.

GINA, maintains that genetic discrimination should not exist. Health insurance companies and employers are not allowed to look at your prior health history before you enroll for health care, or change

Genetic testing refers to scientific diagnostics of an individual’s genetic composition. The test analysis the DNA in a person’s blood for genotypes, mutations or variations that can cause certain diseases and physical disabilities. Genetic testing has become popular secondary to the increasing desire of people in developing awareness of their genetic make-up and related potential susceptibility to debilitating diseases. There has been a public recognition of an increased risk of individuals being subjected to discrimination by employers, heath insurance companies and other organizations when one’s genetic information is disclosed. The inevitable need to protect people from discrimination by employers and businesses secondary to genetic information became clearly evident leading to efforts culminating in the passage of the Genetic Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) which was signed into law in 2008. This paper will clearly present a comprehensive summary of the significant events which resulted in the adoption of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act. The interpretation and application of the Genetic Information

Privacy is a common concern for individuals considering utilising genetic testing. There is a highly likely chance that the information obtained from the test will be disclosed to the individual’s physician which these genetic tests are usually conducted under the supervision or suggestions of. Therefor all the results, whether it be positive or negative, end up with the physician. This disclosure of information is a major concern for some because the information, once passed to the physician, becomes part of the medical record of the individual and the information is then easily accessed by the insurance companies which the clinics are associates of. Insurers have an interest in utilising genetic information to underwrite an application for personal insurance. This may in turn affect the likelihood of the applicant making a claim under the policy. Insurers can ask applicants to disclose genetic information derived from a genetic test. The insurance companies may then charge extra due to the presence of the risk of a genetic disease. The disclosure of information can

Additionally, genetic professionals should objectively provide extensive explanation about test results in order to avoid discrimination against people currently living with certain conditions, and then, a decision can be made regarding reproductive choices.

2. Is it right to use genetic screening as a tool to keep tabs on their prospective enrollees?