Pros And Cons Of Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion

The purpose of the following study is to determine where the two unknown bacteria acquired in Microbiology lab should be classified in regards to temperature, pH level, and osmoregularity. It is important to classify bacteria in order to identify them. Identification of bacteria is important because they are not only useful but potentially dangerous as well. The identification of bacteria can lead to breakthroughs in healthcare regarding treatment of old and new diseases alike. Identifying bacteria can also be used in many other areas from better crop production through microbial pesticides to biological warfare. Their uses are endless as are their abilities to evolve and adapt to changing environments. That is why it is so important

This indicates that anaerobic bacteria live in the human digestive system; some of those bacteria are harmful and others are not. Also, microbes can inhabit in the human digestive system without presenting any symptoms.

(Harley, 2011, pp. 102-103) Sucrose and lactose serve as a fermentable carbohydrate sources which promote its growth of fecal forms and provide color change differentiation. (Harley, 2011, p. 104) Therefore, if E. coli is being platted on the EMB, after plate’s incubation period, it should produce a green metallic sheen on the agar due to the bacteria being a strong fermenter. My unknown bacteria tested positive for growth, and agar was fermented reddish burgundy in color. Subsequently, the unknown bacteria was later inoculated with a sterilized loop into the liquid tryptic soy broth and incubated at an appropriate temperature. Its results were used for proper identification of turbidity, spots and flocculation. (BD™ Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), 2008) The results of the unknown were cloudiness and some settlement on the bottom of the tryptic soy liquid. The next step was conducted to find out if all the bacteria, as well as the unknown culture, required oxygen for growth, varying from an aerobic environment, where bacteria needs oxygen to grow, to facultative anaerobic environment, where bacteria will grow either with or without oxygen but better in its presence. All the bacteria, along with the unknown, were separately inoculated and tested. My unknown culture results tested positive for growth in facultative anaerobic environment. In the next sequence of lab experiments, the results of unknown bacteria were determined by glucose fermentation,

A 10 g of fresh soil in 100 mL conical flask was incubated under anaerobic condition with an addition of different solutions. The solutions consisted of 1 g/L of chloramphenicol for four treatments, 1) distilled water (Ctrl), 2) glucose of 300 mg C/L (+C), 3) KNO3 of 50 mg N/L (+N), and 4) glucose of 300 mg C/L + KNO3 of 50 mg N/L (+C+N). The flasks were evacuated and flushed four times with N2 to ensure anaerobic conditions, and acetylene (C2H2) gas was added to a final concentration of 10% (10 kPa) in the headspace. Gas was sampled after 24, 36 and 72 h using syringe and directly analysed for N2O concentration by chromatography with ECD. DEA were calculated from the linear increasing of N2O production against the

Therefore, the objective of the current research is to investigate the potential of BSFL as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion, including integration of anaerobic digestion into different BSFL biorefinery options.

The principal objective of this study was to determine how temperature affects the activity of

After the trials were completed, a 1:9 bleach to water solution was poured on top of the prepared agar plates. This safety precaution was used to kill the bacteria in preparation of disposal of the agar plates. After the bleach solution was applied to the agar plates, the solution stayed on the agar plates for approximately 5 minutes. The bacteria on the agar plates turned a yellow color after the five minutes and were disposed of. Each safety precaution implemented in this experiment was to ensure the safety of the experimenter, and other

Determining the effect of varying sucrose concentration on the rate of anaerobic cell respiration in yeasts

During these experimental procedures, the implication of multiple different temperatures on fungal and bacterial amylase was studied. In order to conduct this experiment, there were four different temperatures used. The four temperatures used were the following: 0 degrees Celsius, 25 degrees Celsius, 55 degrees Celsius, and 80 degrees Celsius - Each temperature for one fungal and one bacterial amylase. Drops of iodine were then placed in order to measure the effectiveness of the enzyme. This method is produced as the starch test. The enzyme was tested over the course of ten minutes to determine if starch hydrolysis stemmed. An effective enzyme would indicate a color variation between blue/black to a more yellowish color towards the end of the time intervals, whereas a not so effective enzyme would produce little to no change in color variation. According to the experiment, both the fungal amylase and bacterial amylase exhibited a optimal temperature. This was discovered by observing during which temperature and time period produced a yellow-like color the quickest. Amylase shared a similar optimal temperature of 55 degrees Celsius. Most of the amylases underwent changes at different points, but some enzymes displayed no effectiveness at all. Both amylases displayed this inactivity at 0 degrees Celsius. At 80 Celsius both the enzymes became denatured due to the high temperatures. In culmination, both fungal and bacterial amylase presented a array of change during it’s

Effect of varying Temperatures on Enzymatic Activity of Bacterial and Fungal Amylase and hydrolysis of Starch

The effects of temperature on fungal amylase Aspergillus oryzae, and bacterial amylase, Bacillus licheniformis ability to break down starch into maltose was studied. The study determined the optimal temperature the Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus licheniformis was able to break down the fastest. The starch catalysis was monitored by an Iodine test, a substance that turns blue-black in the presence of starch. Amylase catabolizes starch polymers into smaller subunits. Most organisms use the saccharide as a food source and to store energy (Lab Manual, 51). The test tubes were labeled with a different temperature (0°C, 25°C, 55°C, 85°C). Each test tube was placed in its respective water baths for five minutes. After the equilibration process, starch was placed in the first row of the first row of the spot plate. Iodine was then added to the row revealing a blue black color. The starch was then added to the amylase. After every two minute section a pipette was used to transfer the starch-amylase solution to place three drops of the solution into the spot plate row under the corresponding temperature. Iodine drops was placed in the row. Color changes were noted and recorded. The results showed Aspergillus oryzae was found to have an optimal temperature between 25°C and 55°C and Bacillus licheniformis was found to have an

For the experiment, the changes of temperature on anaerobic fermentation the process in which cells undergo respiration without oxygen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was observed. The purpose of this experiment was to test the effect of four different temperatures on the rate of carbon dioxide production in yeast by measuring the fermentation rate. Saccharomyces cereviviae, also known as Baker 's yeast, is a unicellular, eukaryotic sac fungus and is good for this experiment because of its characteristic of alcohol fermentation. It was hypothesized that fermentation increases with increased temperature to a point of 37°C; above that point, enzyme denaturing will occur and fermentation will decrease. The group was able to document the carbon dioxide production and mark each of the temperature intervals which were tested at temperatures 4°C (refrigerator temperature), 23°C (Room temperature), 37°C (Human body temperature) and 65° Celsius (Equal to 150°F). The experiment was conducted by pouring yeast solution with 2% glucose in fermentation tubes, placing the tubes in the appropriate incubation temperature, marking the rise of the gas bubbles in the fermentation tubes which indicated carbon dioxide production. The results of this experiment were not supported by the hypothesis, creating different results from what was predicted. It is important to understand the fermentation rate of yeast so

The results from table one shows the optimal temperatures for Escherichia coli is 37-45°C, Pseudomonas fluorescens 25°C and Enterococcus faecalis 37°C. This supports the fact that these three bacteria are classed as mesophiles. Enterococcus faecalis are commonly found in the gastrointestinal and female genital tract of humans, also Escherichia coli is located in the lower intestine. The optimum temperature of humans is 37°C which serves as a perfect host for them. Pseudomonas fluorescens are located in soil, plants

Microbial growth can be affected by different environmental factors such as temperature, osmotic pressure, oxygen concentration and pH. Six experiments were carried out in this report testing for microbial growth against different environmental factors. Good aseptic techniques were used to prevent contamination, resulting in a uniform set of results that are in line with the literature.

The disposal of untreated wastewater coming from the industries into the water bodies will pollute the water bodies because of its high concentrations. So, the wastewater produced from the industry should be treated properly to meet the permissible limits given by central and state pollution control boards. Therefore it is necessary to treat the wastewater properly with the help of an appropriate treatment plant. However, the treatment plant even though properly planned may not work satisfactory because of several reasons. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the treatment plant considering individual treatment unit in the entire treatment flow. In the present work emphasis has been given to the study of the performance of treatment facilities because of its importance in the conventional treatment of wastewater. Hence, the literature review related to the evaluation of the entire treatment process along with biological treatment process particularly suspended growth process Activated Sludge Process (ASP), attached growth process Trickling Filter (TF) and a combination of the both suspended and attached growth process Hybrid Reactor (HR) is presented in the following sections of this chapter.