Pros And Cons Of Natural Selection

Evolution is a change in the characteristic of living organism through time. Modern synthesis, one of the greatest intellectual achievements of biology, could explain how mutations and natural selection could produced large-scale evolutionary change. There are 4 mechanisms for evolution to occur; mutation, gene flow, genetic drift and natural selection.
Although, there are a number of misconceptions about evolution; it does not explain the origins of life, it is not progressive, natural selection is not about the survival of the fittest individuals in a population, humans are not currently evolving, it does not make organism better designed nor does it gives organism what they need to survive. This essay will describe further, 3 common misconceptions

If variation, differential reproduction and heredity is present, evolution through natural selection will be the outcome.

One thing about natural selection that many people do not understand that natural selection does not increase the odds of survival for a species, but for individuals in that species. This makes sense when someone considers humans. Humans live in many social cultures, where for instance, the odds of survival in a group can be improved by the selection of certain traits that does not improve an individual’s odds of survival. Coyne states, one never sees the type of adaptations that benefit the group to the detriment of an individual (p.122).

In its basic form, the theory of evolution has been confirmed so completely that most modern biologists consider evolution simply a fact (Mayr 1982). It states that environmental factors such as climate, disease, competition from other organisms, and availability of certain types of food will lead to the preferential survival and reproduction of

There are many definitions of success when it comes to the evolution of living organisms: number, diversity, size, distribution, longevity, evolutionary history, generalization, specialization, even usefulness to humans. Throughout history, groups or individual species, have faced many challenges on Earth. All animals have adapted differently to the constantly altering living conditions. Some have been immensely superior to others in their ability to survive and rule all forms of life. Their complexity varies, but because of their ability to adapt, it’s what has made these species successful. Adaptation is an evolutionary process that allows animals to become superior in a particular

Eugenics is a special effort targeted at cultivating the genetic composition of the human race. In history, eugenicists had promoted selective breeding to accomplish goals that were set. Nowadays, we have the proper technology that makes it possible to directly modify the genetic composition of an individual. Nevertheless, people have different views on how to best use this kind of technology. In 1883, a British scholar named Sir Francis Galton, who was also the cousin of Charles Darwin, used the term eugenics, to represent “well-born.” Galton believed that the human race could directly help its future by selectively breeding individuals who have certain “desired” qualities. This idea was constructed on Galton’s study of the upper class in Britain. After the completion of these studies, Galton established that an elite position in society was due to those persons having good genetic makeup. “Galton idea of Eugenics was developed due to Charles Darwin’s theory of Social Darwinism, which explains survival of the fittest, the capability to

According to Dr. James Krupa of The University of Kentucky “evolution is the foundation upon which all biology rests.” In biology, evolution is the genetic change in characteristics over generations and is dependent on the process of natural selection. ‘The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species are related and gradually change over time’ (Genome Campus, 2017). Genetic variation is vital to evolution as it affects the physical characteristics or phenotypes of morphology. Natural Selection is affected by environmental factors that act upon a population and result in the mutation of organism through offspring. These mutations enable individuals to adapt to their environments in order to survive, find food, avoid predators and

As well as this, certain blood proteins are found in a number of species. When genetic code (DNA and RNA) is used by a cell, it builds amino acids in a sequence, which forms protein. Chemical tests can determine whether one species has the similar blood proteins to another, thus showing evidence of evolutionary relationships. Organisms with a common ancestor have a close number of amino acid sequences in common. For example, chimpanzees and humans have no difference in their amino acid protein count in their haemoglobin – evidence for a common ancestor.

In recent years genetic modification has been advancing. Genetic modification is when a living organism has been altered to a specific state of characteristics. So far scientist has made one attempt to modify genes from an embryo recently. Whether they were successful or not is question unanswered yet. Gene modification can be great and all. However, is it right to modify genes? Apparently, the population agrees to modify genes since there has been licenses of approval for gene modification. If Society cared about gene modification, then there would be signs of disapproval of gene modification. However, this is viewed morally wrong in my point of view. The pros of modifying genes are that defeating diseases, potential to live longer, genetic diseases, and able to select character traits of babies. The cons of modifying genes are failures on the way to perfecting genetic modification, genetic modification babies can have more greater problems, very expensive, and when does it stop?

Space and time are linked, stars, worlds, and people are born, grow up, and die. Human beings live about 70-80 years, but the lifetime of the sun is 100 millions longer. Matter is older than life. Millions of years before the Earth was formed, atoms were synthesized inside the stars, and where thrown back out to space when they exploded. From this stellar remains appeared many planets; the Earth, and all living beings are formed from star’s dust, but from our human thinking, evolution has been really slow, from the molecules from the primitive oceans, up until the first bacteria. The reason why evolution is not the same for everyone is because is because it advances really slowly and lasts a long time. Why is it that if human beings who live 75

Charles Darwin proposed the idea of natural selection evolution, this is where as random mutations constantly occur in animals. Certain mutations are beneficial and some are a hindrance. It is most likely that the beneficial mutated animal will survive and thus-forth pass its mutated genes onto its

As much as the organisms tried, there is no way that many organisms can achieve perfect adaptation (No organisms can achieve perfect adaptation, it doesn’t exist). For example in the theory of kin selection in which an individual who belongs to the group would be willing to sacrifice their lives to make sure that their kin will survive and be able to reproduce the next generation. For an example in the process of …. Which on is this an example of?? Squirrel, the squirrel was willing to make the call and sacrifice their lives in order to protect their kin. We may not know how fit the martyred squirrel in regard of fitness but the squirrel decided to die in order to protect the weaker, less able to defended squirrel, therefore the strong one was willing to die no matter what. Therefore, we have no way to know that the squirrel can pass on their perfect gene on to the next generation beside sacrificing its life for others. In addition, molecular evolution is another example in which nature may show how it fails to achieve perfect adaptation. In the Baiyvet’s fox experiment, experimenters selected for desired genes and continued to let it reproduce into the next generation, the frequency for the undesired genes will decreased and therefore decrease the phenotype in the future generation.

“If no such variations exist, the population rapidly goes extinct because it cannot adapt to a changing environment” (O’Neil, 1998-2013). Scientists call this reproductive success. “Within a specific environment context, one genotype will be better than another genotype in survival or reproduction for certain reasons having to do with the way its particular features relate to the environment or relate to other organisms within the population” (Futuyma, 2000-2014). The theory of evolution is explicable through various kinds of scientific research.

Evolution through natural selection is not a controversial topic. It is not controversial because religion preaches that the maker made each individual species. Many times religion teaches that each individual has a purpose and is created for a reason. Evolution claims that living species can change over time and give rise to new kinds of species, with the result that all organisms ultimately share a common ancestry. That being so, people can believe in both. In a religious view people can be correct and people who believe in evolution can also be correct. Evolution can be true for religion that the maker has made each individual species, he/she started it all with one species and through time the world has changed

The nature-nurture debate has been around for decades. It is one of the oldest and most popular topics in the history of psychology asking what makes people who they become and how they behave and develop the way they do. What makes the debate more interesting is that now scientists are asking if personality traits and even sexual orientation can be determined by what is in already there from conception. Bodies are built up of chromosomes which contain genetic information. Many of these are inherited from parents and relatives. The nature side of the debate states the way people are is predominantly from inherited genetics and other biological factors not so much the environmental factors. The genes humans have in their bodies play a huge role to many aspects of who they are and who they become. For example, hair colour, eye colour and height are all predetermined by genes. Unchangeable. This is natures way. The argument stands to decide whether most attributes do stem from nature, genes, or if they can be affected by the environment and the way people are nurtured as they have grown. The nurture side of the argument believes although humans do have the genes and traits with which they are born, most personality traits are being made up of environmental factors. For example, being loved and cared for as children, if parents or carers were positive role models and if those people were taught in ways which provided them with discipline and respect for others. Where nature