Pros And Cons Of Social Promotion

In their article, Levin and Rouse say that in the United states the dropout rate has fallen since the 1970s. They state that programs should be enforced to promote dropout prevention. While these programs may be expensive, more high school graduates benefit the economy in the long run.

In viewing our school data one of the first things that caught my eye was the fact that in third grade we had a 19.8% retention rate (Texas Education Agency, 2014). That particular grade level had the highest retention rate in the entire school. Looking further at the data, I discovered that during the 2013-2014

Education is essential to attain social mobility, however students face difficult obstacles. Even though we have laws like No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), however many students that come from low social class families do not have equal opportunities as students that come from higher income households. NCLB is encouraging on its face, but it does not address the unequal distribution of funds for districts. NCLB set standards in which students must achieve scores on standardized test rather than having access to equal opportunities, in

A child on the lower levels might have problems forming and keeping friendships this can be a problem in and out of the classroom, the child might need staff support to maintain peace and keep the friendship flowing, without this the child can become isolated from their peers this can be disruptive to the classroom setting.

Many researchers have been interested and have conducted different experiments on whether retention causes positive or negative effects. One group of college professors followed two groups of students in Florida: the first group barely passed the reading test and got to continue to fourth grade, the second group barely missed the mark and had to repeat third grade. The researchers continued to watch these students for the following eight years; they saw that the major effects started to fade, but after a few years the kids that were retained had fewer remedial classes and higher GPS’s when they got to high school (Kamenetz, 2017). The common belief is when a kid is retained, there is an increased risk of them falling behind in higher grades

Social promotion is one of the largest issues when it comes to the education system. It allows children who are not academically ready to move up to the next grade move up anyway just because parents and teachers feel the student will be stigmatized for being one year older then the rest in the grade if they do not. Now many states are beginning preventing schools from allowing social promotion which has its pros and cons.

Studies have also found that dropping out is more likely to occur among students from single-parent families and students with an older sibling who has already dropped out than among counterparts without these characteristics. Other aspects of a student's home life such as level of parental involvement and support, parent's educational expectations, parent's attitudes about school, and stability of the family environment can also influence a youth's decision to stay in school. For example, results from the NCES study found that students whose parents were not actively involved in the student's school, whose parents infrequently talked to them about school-related matters, or whose parents held low expectations for their child's future educational achievement were more likely to drop out.

Conclusion: In conclusion it is evident that student retention is dependent on the personal success of

Many colleges and universities throughout the United States and several other countries face a common problem. Student retention is a growing problem across the nation for all ethnic groups and all ages. Each individual who chooses to drop out of school has their own personal reasons as to why they do. However, many drops out can be completely avoided. When students drop out they are not clearly thinking about how it’s going to affect their future, the future of their children and even grandchildren. Although there are several reasons as to why students drop out of school, we will be exploring a few as it relates to why student retention is a growing problem.

Bourdieu and Passeron’s concept was closely studied in this article to help the author demonstrate the affects testing policies have on class selection in US schools. The argument being conveyed is how we have seen academic outcomes increase previously because of test-based grade retention. The outcomes do not come from the support provided to benefit the students but by restricting educational opportunities for students who need the most support. The author provides alternate strategies for ending social promotion that do not observe class inequity nor grade retention.

Annually, it is estimated that roughly 15% of students are retained, representing approximately 2.4 million children (Jimerson, 2001; Mattison, 2000). In general, children who repeat a grade are 30% more likely to drop out of school as compared to their promoted peers and the retention trend is increasing, up approximately 12% from 1980 to 1992 (Owings & Magliaro, 1998). Retained students have an approximately 60% chance of dropping out of school by the 12th grade and those students who have been retained twice increase their chance to 90% (Parker, 2001). Rumberger (1995) identified grade retention as the single most powerful predictor of dropping out. It is estimated that 40% of the total number of repeaters are from the lowest SES brackets compared to only 8.5% from the highest SES groups (Owings & Magliaro, 1998). Research by Meisels (1993) discovered that more than two-thirds of all retentions occur before fourth grade. These discouraging statistics also come at an enormous expense; grade retention costs approximately 10 billion dollars per year (Natale, 1991).

Lorrie Shepard conducted a study on the effects of retention, its' relationship to the drop out rate. The 1992 controlled study showed that students who repeated a year were 20 to 30 percent more likely to drop out of school. Another study conducted by the Association of California Urban School Districts, found that students who were retained twice had a probability of dropping out of school by nearly 100 percent.

Grade retention which is better known as ‘staying back’, ‘repeating’ or ‘being held back’, refers to the practice of having a student return to a particular grade level for a subsequent year after having been at that level a full school year. (Wu et al, 2010). The purpose of this paper will be to answer the research question “What are the effects of grade retention?” based on high schools in the United Sates of America. Statistically, with as many as 15% of all American students held back each year and 30-50% held back at least once before ninth grade, the rate of retention has increased by approximately 40% in the last 20years (Wu et al, 2010). This paper will give the reader an overview of the effects grade retention has on

Another study by Ronco (1994) used survival analysis to investigate when the students were at the greatest risk of withdrawing and subsequently when are they more likely to return and on their return were their risk of withdrawing again was altered. Due

Will negatively affect a student's future. Bob Keeshan once said,”Children don't drop out of High School when they are 16 they do so in the first grade and wait 10 years to make it official.” Throughout the years studies have shown that in a year 1.2 million students drop out. Which leads that only 25% of High School students during their freshman year fail to graduate. Dropouts in the United States have became a very trending thing we must get to the bottom of this problem. Young adults should not be making these decisions it's time to step in.