Prosocial Bystander Suicide

Inversely, according to Ingersoll-Dayton, & Ha (2009), forgiveness regarded replacing negative behaviors and thinking towards the offender in hopes of rendering inner

In response to the question set, I will go into detail of the study, consisting of the background, main hypotheses, as well the aims, procedure and results gathered from the study; explaining the four research methods chosen to investigate,

Furthermore, Worthington talks about two types of forgiveness to alleviate destructive responses. First, is called the decisional forgiveness. Decisional forgiveness is when the

The article "Self-forgiveness: The forgotten stepchild of forgiveness research" is a qualitative rather than a quantitative study of the phenomenon of self-forgiveness. The authors distinguish self-forgiveness versus forgiveness of an 'other' in an outwardly-directed fashion. They state that self-forgiveness has been under-studied in the existing literature. The beginning of the article is devoted to a literature review of existing writings upon the subject, with using a working definition of self forgiveness "as a set of motivational changes whereby one becomes decreasingly motivated to avoid stimuli associated with the offense, decreasingly motivated to retaliate against the self 地nd increasingly motivated to act benevolently toward the self" (Hall & Fincham 2005: 622).

Thus, the choice by Richmond, Merrick, Green, Dinh, & Iedema (2011) to report p-values and confidence values (CI) in establishing the significance of the results assists in enhancing the reliability and validity of the study. Whereas, Tobiano, Chaboyer, & Mcmurray (2012) adopted thematic analysis in data analysis, which facilitated flexibility while maintaining research rigor. The straightforward nature of the thematic analysis also contributes in enhancing the validity of the provided evidence. In the case of Sand-Jecklin & Sherman (2014), the presentation of the findings in terms of means, standard deviation (SD), p-values and degree of freedom (df), coupled with the use of tables in presentation facilitated easier understanding of the values and identification of any trend likely to emerge. The presentation was critical in improving the validity of the findings

Quantitative data was represented as mean, standard deviation, median and range. Data was analyzed using student t-test to compare means of two groups and paired t-test compared pre and post results. Qualitative data was presented as number and percentage and compared using either Chi square test or fisher exact test. Graphs were produced by using Excel or STATA program. P value was considered significant if it was less than 0.05.

The results of this study are presented in the order the hypotheses were tested. Analyses of covariance were performed on all hypotheses and a level of significance of 0.05 was established as a criterion for either accepting or rejecting the hypotheses.

To build on McCarley’s (2018) reference of positive emotions requires an analysis of different types of interventions to assist in facilitating forgiveness. When individuals feel unfairly treated, they may react with revenge or avoidance but under-utilize forgiveness as an option (Barclay & Saldanha, 2016). Further, research conducted by Barclay and Saldanha (2016) demonstrated

3. Methodology: Investigators must review the literature which is appropriate to various aspects of their chosen method, including design, selection of subjects, and methods of data collection. This section describes research methods and measurement approaches used in previous investigations in the area. This content should be considered in designing the proposed research and used to support

An alpha level of p<.05 was used for all statistical test. The participants were described by descriptive statistics. The t-test, chi-square, and

In the data analysis of this study, GraphPad Software is used to visualize the data. This tool is available at https://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/ttest1.cfm. Data will be input to the tool on the website to make a comparison. To do so, select unpaired

In this study, a multiple regression analysis was applied to test the influence among predictor variables. The research used statistical package for social sciences (SPSS V 20) to code, enter and compute the measurements of the multiple regressions.

The article is endeavors to observe the possible correlation between general forgiveness (actually forgiving) and perceptions of forgiveness (a belief in the concept). This is a summary analyzing the credibility of the article. The summary includes a brief overview and critique of the title, abstract, literature review, methodology, a review of results and discussion, and possible improvements to the study. The title and abstract were brief and concise. Methodology used to acquire data was credible, but needs improvement. Discussion and results were presented in an applicable manner. An overall consensus of the

According to Enright and Fitzgibbons (2000), forgiveness is not the same as one individual pardoning another, excusing the transgression or simply denying or forgetting the offense. But rather, Scobie and Scobie (1998) defined forgiveness as one that involve recognizing the offense, acknowledging its hurtfulness, and then choosing to give up a rightful claim for retaliation or restitution. However, based on these definitions, interpersonal forgiveness involves both individuals that engaged in a series of relational activities. It is important to understand the intrapersonal definition or precursors of their business or transaction. For instance, as one person’s motives begin to shift away from revenge and avoidance, and towards conciliatory gesture, the other person must choose how to respond. There may be potential for discrepancies on how each forgives from both individual perspectives. For example, people in a close relationship in most cases have different perspectives on the same transgression and are likely to value forgiveness for different reasons. At times it may be difficult to obtain both parties perspectives, especially if their relationship no longer exist or is cut off.

The objective of this chapter is to describe the procedures used in the analysis of the data and present the main findings. It also presents the different tests performed to help choose the appropriate model for the study. The chapter concludes by providing thorough statistical interpretation of the findings.