Prospective Memory

74. Raymond remembers, “When I was a sophomore, I took the hardest physics test of my life, and I was happy with my C.” This memory represents a(n)

Memory is a set of cognitive processes that allow us to remember past information (retrospective memory) and future obligations (prospective memory) so we can navigate our lives. The strength of our memory can be influenced by the connections we make through different cognitive faculties as well as by the amount of time we spend devoting to learning specific material across different points in time. New memories are created every time we remember specific event, which results in retrospective memories changing over time. Memory recall can be affected retrospectively such as seeing increased recall in the presence of contextual cues or false recall of information following leading questions. Memory also includes the process

Nevaeh’s future was changed. As tears ran down her face, words could not describe the way she felt. Who knew what destiny had in store for her at age 18. All she went through and when her life made a sudden twist, she was shocked. Not having someone her side was the hardest thing for her. She never really had anybody to guide her to the right path, protect her, love her, and support her. It's been so many years and she still couldn’t cope with it. But now all of a sudden she comes across 2 people.

Prospective memory is a type of memory that involves remembering to undertake a prearranged action at the proper time. It is simply remembering to remember. Cohen (1996) described prospective memory as remembering a plan of action as well as remembering to do it at a specified time or within certain time limits. Majority of each day is spent forming objectives and performing those objectives; therefore according to Crovitz & Daniel 1984, most of a days forgetting is due to a failure in your prospective memory. It is important to understand prospective memory because of its great relevance to everyday life, its clinical research potential and also because prospective memory failures can be devastating.

Prospective memory (PM) is defined as the memory to perform future intentions and includes things such as picking up a gift for a friend on the way home from work or remembering to take medication at a certain time each day (Einstein & McDaniel, 1990). In the real world these intentions are often performed to benefit others and are considered pro-social in nature (Brandimonte, Ferrante, Bianco, & Grazia-Villani, 2010). Past research has identified social PM tasks as being perceived as more important than PM tasks that benefit the self (Penningroth, Scott, & Freuen, 2011). An example of a social PM task would be remembering to keep an appointment with a study group,

The two concepts that I resonated with are Memory and the Psychodynamic theory. Starting with the Psychodynamic theory is an approach to psychology that studies the psychological forces underlying human behavior, feelings, and emotions, and how they may relate to early childhood experience. This theory is most closely associated with the work of Sigmund Freud, and with psychoanalysis, a type of psychotherapy that attempts to explore the patient’s unconscious thoughts and emotions so that the person is better able to understand him or herself. The second one is Memory; understanding how memory works will help you improves your memory. Which is an essential key to attaining knowledge. Memory is one of the important cognitive processes. Memory involves remembering and forgetting. I chose the two concepts because throughout the class they stood out to the most. Understanding the conscious, subconscious mind and also memory. I’m interested in understanding the human behavior.

Second, relates to the risk population, which earlier was overlooked in the clinical trials of the HIV prophylactic drug. For instance, it was established that patients already infected with HIV were at risk of developing resistance if they continued taking the drug, which again erodes the gain of containing the disease, when therapeutic options are compromised, and in the end it threatens the public health campaigns (Michael & Rosengarten,

The subjects in the experimental study included 24 males and females from ages 18 to 53. More specifically, there were three males and 21 females from the University of Washington. Each subject was asked to name a relative who could provide memories for the researchers to use. The majority of relatives chosen were siblings or parents, with the youngest member being 18.

In the article, Memory as discrimination: what distraction reveals, the authors C. Philip Beaman, Maciej Hanczakowski, Helen M. Hodgetts, John E, Marsh, and Dylan M. Jones choose to determine whether or not correct or erroneous recall is impacted by semantic and nonsemantic factors discriminability. The researchers choose to conduct their experiment using the population of every student that attends Cardiff University. For their experiment they choose three different sample groups. The first experiment will use distractors visually, the second with auditory, and the third using language. For group one a sample size of forty-eight was chosen. This group was constructed with individuals that had English as their primary language and had sound hearing capabilities. The second group was also made up of forty- eight individuals. This groups were made up of people that had English as their primary language, had normal to correct to normal vision, and normal hearing. The third group of individuals was made up of only a sample size of twenty-nine persons. However, this third group had the same requirements for hearing that the second group had, yet they had to be qualified bilingual in Welsh-English language. This is to be an experiment study since the groups were

Psychologists have mainly defied prospective memory into two types of prospective memory remembering situations, named time-based and event based. Some researches have also come up with the third type of prospective remembering situation knowns as activity-based. However there are various controversies regarding the activity based being different from the event based.

Although visual art is looked upon differently by all, everyone has a either a favorite piece or at least something that catches their eye. Personally, I don’t have a piece of art that I would label my absolute favorite, but during a Spanish research project found that Salvador Dali’s work really stood out. “The Persistence of Memory” painted in 1931 by Dali, a highly renowned surrealist painter, is among the most interesting works I have ever seen. Even though the painting itself is rather simple in quality at first glance, what Dali’s must have been thinking about while creating this work is strikingly complex. The painting is attractive to me because it deals with the concept of time, something

Memory is defined as "the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information." Our memory can be compared to a computer's information processing system. To remember an event we need to get information into our brain which is encoding, store the information and then be able to retrieve it. The three-stage processing model of Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin suggests that we record information that we want to remember first as a fleeting sensory memory and then it is processed into a short term memory bin where we encode it ( pay attention to encode important or novel stimuli) for long-term memory and later retrieval. The premise for the three step process is that we are unable to focus on too much

Memory makes us. It is, to an extent, a collection of unique and personal experiences that we, as individuals, have amassed over our lifetime. It is what connects us to our past and what shapes our present and the future. If we are unable remember the what, when, where, and who of our everyday lives, our level of functioning would be greatly impacted. Memory is defined as or recognized as the “sum or total of what we remember.” Memory provides us the ability to learn and adjust to or from prior experiences. In addition, memory or our ability to remember plays an integral role in the building and sustaining of relationships. Additionally, memory is also a process; it is how we internalize and store our external environment and experiences. It entails the capacity to remember past experiences, and the process of recalling previous experiences, information, impressions, habits and skills to awareness. It is the storage of materials learned and/or retained from our experiences. This fact is demonstrated by the modification, adjustment and/or adaptation of structure or behavior. Furthermore, we as individuals, envision thoughts and ideas of the present through short-term memory, or in our working memory, we warehouse past experiences and learned values in long-term memory, also referred to as episodic or semantic memory. Most importantly, memory is malleable and it is intimately linked to our sense of identity and where we believe we belong in the world.

Specific purpose: to increase my audience's understanding of how memory functions and how it affects them.

Prospective memory is the ability to remember and carry out future intentions. Common examples of prospective memory in childhood include: remembering to carry out an action assigned by an adult like taking their plate to the sink when they are done eating or returning home when the street lights turn on, remembering to pass on a message to another person such as telling their teacher about an upcoming vacation or reminding their babysitter about an allergy, remembering preassigned safety protocols such as looking both ways before crossing a street or putting a helmet on before riding a bike, and remembering social intentions such as bringing a birthday gift to a party or asking a parent for permission to go to a sleepover.