Prostate Cancer : A Common Medical Term Essay

In the United States, it’s estimated that roughly 1 in 5 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) of the National Cancer Institute, “the number of new cases of prostate cancer was 129.4 per 100,000 men per year. The number of deaths was 20.7 per 100,000 men per year. These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2009-2013 cases and

Each year approximately 233,000 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer (Eggener, Cifu, & Nabhan, 2015). In 2015, prostate cancer was the second most common cancer related cause of death among United States men (Eggener, et. al., 2015). While the majority of prostate cancers are slow growing with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 98%, statistics show that when prostate cancer is identified as metastatic, the 5-year survival rate dramatically drops down to 20-25% (Eggener, et. al., 2015). According to these numbers alone, it appears screening for prostate cancer would be a well-accepted practice. However, current methods of screening for this cancer are controversial and has lead organizations like the U.S Preventative Service Task Force (USPSTF) and the American Cancer Society (ACS) to different guidelines for screening.

Prostate cancer is the most common type of carcinoma and the second leading cause of cancer death in men, following carcinoma of the lung. The risk of developing prostate cancer increases with age, beginning at age 50, and is also higher among African-American men. The two highest age subpopulations diagnosed are men 55-64 and 65-74 years of age, comprising 29.0% and 35.6% of all prostate cancer diagnoses, respectively. The age-adjusted incidence rate of prostate cancer is 159.3 per 100,000 men per year2.

The beginning of cancer begins with defects in the cells DNA. When cancer starts, the cell goes through the p53 gene, a gene

One of the very last words anyone wants to hear from their doctors or loved ones is cancer. The word automatically instills fear, confusion, denial, and leaves the individual questioning his or her beliefs wondering “Why me?”. It overpowers all previous commitments or opportunities seizing control over the customary quality of life. Cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body often metastasizing elsewhere. With more than two hundred types of cancer that can affect more than sixty organs, cancer kills a half million people annually in the United States alone1. It is understandable why cancer’s reputation is dismal and menacing. Although there is no cure for cancer, doctors and researchers

Research has indicated that prostate cancer is more likely to be observed rather than treated directly. These observations come from the University of California, San Francisco, where the concerns of overtreatment are being addressed.

According to the American Cancer Society, “there are nearly 3 million prostate cancer survivors in the United States today and this number is expected to increase to almost 4.2 million by 2024. Most prostate cancers (93%) are diagnosed at the local or regional stage, before the cancer has spread to surrounding organs. Treatment at these early stages is often very successful, and the 5-year relative survival rate approaches 100%.” ("After Prostate Cancer Treatment," 2014). Cancer usually grows slowly and remains confined to the prostate gland initially, where it may not cause serious harm. While some types of prostate cancer grow slowly and may need minimal or no treatment, other types are aggressive and can spread quickly. It 's not clear what causes prostate cancer. Doctors know that prostate cancer begins when some cells in your prostate become abnormal. Mutations in the abnormal cells ' DNA cause the cells to grow and divide more rapidly than normal cells do. The abnormal cells continue living, when other cells would die. The accumulating abnormal cells form a tumor that can grow to invade nearby tissue. Some abnormal cells can break off and metastasize to other parts of the body. ("Prostate Cancer," 2013).

Prostate cancer is abnormal cells that grow within the prostate gland and can spread to other body systems. Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate gland start to grow uncontrollably. The prostate is a gland found only in males. It makes some of the fluid that is part of semen. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States and the fourth leading cause of death in black men overall. Studies show that black males are more than twice likely to die of prostate cancer than other counterparts.

Cancer is the most prevalent public health challenge worldwide, hence becoming the second leading cause of death in 2013 (cite!). The illness develops when abnormal body cells survive and new cells grow, which are to replace old and damaged ones (cite!). Healthcare professionals associate cancer prevalence with risk factors such as smoking and obesity (cite pg#87) and according to research studies, one in every three individuals will develop cancer (cite!). Such statistics correspond to the occurrence of cancer in the United States, with prostate cancer affecting 105.3 per 100,000 people nationwide (cite!). For the past decade, cancer drugs have increased from $10,000 in the 1990s to $100,000 by 2012; therefore, many patients may die because

Prostate Cancer, edited by Hedvig Hricak, and Peter Scardino, Cambridge University Press, 2008. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bluecliffcollege-ebooks/detail.action?docID=432005. Created from bluecliffcollege-ebooks on 2018-06-21

Everyone in the world today has been impacted by cancer in some way. Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer in both men and women in the United States. In 1987, it surpassed breast cancer to become the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Lung cancer causes more deaths than the next three most common cancers combined (colon, breast and pancreatic). Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other parts of the body, such as tissues and the bloodstream. There are more than 100 types of cancer. Cancer can develop in any organ or tissue. Cancers are named after the organ in which it was started. An example would be that if a cancer began in the colon, it would be named ‘colon cancer.’ In order to be truly informed about cancer, this paper will discuss the causative agent, the signs and symptoms, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and social and economic implications for those with the disease.

Prostate cancer is cancer in the prostate gland, prostate cancer is most commonly found in men. Prostate cancer can be treated if found in early stage. Some symptoms that are found for prostate cancer are; frequently urination, difficulty controlling bladder, blood in urine, bone pain, and fecal incontinence. There’s usually no symptoms during the early stages of prostate cancer. Treatment is different for early and advanced prostate cancer, early stage prostate cancer if small and can be detected can be managed by doctor monitoring, radical prostatectomy, brachytherapy, and radiation therapy. Radical prostatectomy is surgically removing prostate, recovery time up to 10 days. Brachytherapy is radioactive seeds implanted into the prostate

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men (after skin cancer), but it can often be treated successfully. Millions of men in the US are prostate cancer survivors. Most people diagnosed with prostate cancer can expect to live for at least 5 years after the cancer is found. Those who have detected the cancer early can surpass 15 years. One of the primary factors limiting the life expectancy is that most prostate cancers are found in men who are already over 65-years of age. Therefore, many of these men die of other factors and not the cancer.

Research in cancer occurs in a wide range of scientific fields. The major categories of research are: – laboratory; – epidemiological; – clinical; – psychosocial and behavioural; – health systems and health policies. Most laboratory research is currently conducted in industrialized countries. It focuses on the elucidation of the biological mechanisms underlying cancer. Recent investigations of genetic and molecular/biological processes have produced dramatic and very promising results. Despite this, the causes underlying some of the most common cancer types are not yet well understood. Epidemiology helps to identify environmental or human behavioral factors associated with cancer, even if the underlying mechanism is not clear, thus enabling

The Ministry of Health (2013) launched a four year programme to improve health outcomes for men with prostate cancer called The Prostate Cancer Awareness and Quality Improvement Programme. The expected outcomes for this programme are: improved access to health care services, informed decisions, support for early detection and treatment, shorter waiting lists, appropriate referrals, more accurate diagnosis and staging, and improved quality of care among others. Despite these outcomes no DHB has met the 85% target for the faster cancer treatment yet (Ministry of Health [MOH], 2015a) but has achieved the shorter waiting lists for cancer treatment (MOH, 2015b).