Protein Macromolecules

Dehydration-synthesis is a reaction that occurs to form different types of macromolecules. It is a reaction that leaves a macromolecule structure along the lines of developing its own specific function in a living organism. The 4 most common ones are carbohydrates which includes monosaccharides and polysaccharides, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids (Mack 2012). Scientists identify different types of macromolecules to achieve a better understanding on how they function in our bodies. This can be achieved by studying their chemical properties and structure.

Proteins are complex structures made up of chains of amino acids. Each protein has a different function such as enzymes to catalyze reactions or protein hormones to trigger certain functions of a cell. First let’s start with the most basic component of a protein: an amino acid. An amino acid is made up of a central carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and an R group which varies

There are four basic macromolecules that contribe to healthy eating, Carbohydrates, proteins, fats and lipids. Each one of these needs to maintant a balance in your diet despit the diets that promote elimating them all together from your meals.

Living organisms need proteins in their diet to help the body repair cells and make new ones. The basic structure of protein is a chain of amino acids. When two amino acids join together a dipeptide is formed but when more than two amino acids are joined together a polypeptide is formed. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptides. Proteins are large molecules made up of the elements hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. Types of proteins include, structural proteins, contractile proteins, hormones, enzymes, antibodies and transport proteins. Some functions of proteins are movement in muscles, tendons and ligaments. Enzymes make biological reactions possible and hormones regulate metabolism. The protein shape determines its function.Proteins

Protein plays an important roll in our bodies. It helps to build and repair body tissue, keeps us energized and helps us fight off infections , make up eighteen percent of an adults body weight, and participate in every body function. That’s just five of many reasons why protein is important to each individual. You can have to much protein or not enough protein in your body. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Hundreds of amino acids come together to form a protein. Proteins are sixteen percent nitrogen and is the primary source of nitrogen in the diet also carrying small resources

The structure of a protein is determined by its primary, secondary and tertiary structure. The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein is known as its primary structure. The atoms within a chain are held together by covalent bonds. The polypeptide chain forms a backbone in proteins. Its secondary structure consists of several chains held in place by hydrogen bonds. The arrangement of a sequence of amino acids in polypeptides may be helical (α-helix) for

The four macromolecules presented in all living organism are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The carbohydrates are made up of sugars. This provides a major source of energy. When carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Then proteins have a large amount of amino acids. Most of the muscles are made up proteins. Proteins also have special helpers that are called enzymes that help regulate all the chemical reaction inside the body. Lipids reserve energy. There are three important lipids and they include fats, steroids, and phospholipids. Finally, the nucleic acids houses the DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids then stores and transmits genetic information.

Macromolecules rely on their environment for proper folding of their respective three- dimensional structure.10 This makes intuitive sense since the exterior, which is polar, is making contact to a polar solvent, like the cytoplasm that provide hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and conceal the nonpolar residues away from the polar solvent.10 The body has a stable pH and temperature that proteins take advantage to form amazing functional complexes. They can catalyze reactions as enzymes, transport compounds, and make complex units to reach a certain goal like ATP synthase10.They can be dangerous as well, such as binding to receptors on cells for virus entry4. Proteins lose their conformation when they are out of range in temperature

The term "macromolecules" can be used differently to describe different types of large molecules. For example, in biology it refers to the four main biological macromolecules present in our bodies; they are carbohydrates ,such as sugars, lipids, such as fats, proteins, and nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. While in chemistry, the term refers to the result of combining any two or more molecules covalent bonds or intermolecular

Proteins are an essential part of a healthy diet in the human body which help to stimulate growth and maintenance. They are made up of amino acids, which the body uses to make new protein for a huge variety of functions. Proteins work as a power source which is said to be the bodies tissue building blocks. Protein is needed to form blood cells. Protein assists in shaping the hair, nails and muscles which are the structural features of the body.

John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, and Kurt Wuthrich have come up with methods about biological macromolecules. Their discoveries have made chemical biology a more important part of science today. Chemists are now able to briskly analyze what proteins are inside a sample more accurately. Scientists are now able to “see” the proteins and how they function inside a cell.

According to Marieb and Koehn’s 10th edition of Human Anatomy & Physiology, food or drinks that range from 0 to 6.9 on the pH scale are considered acidic. Sweet candies and sodas, starchy pastas and breads, as well as many fruit juices and coffee, all fall within this acidic pH range and can be harmful if consumed in great amounts.

There are four different types of macromolecules Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates They are in everything that we need to live So now let’s break them down and see what’s inside Macromolecules are polymers that are made of monomers That are made of monomers, that are made of C, H, N, O, and P Macromolecules are here Lipids are made of fatty acids Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides Proteins are made of amino acids Carbohydrates are sugar, sugar

To assemble a macromolecule polymer from monomers, the monomers must bond. This is a process known as a dehydration reaction, in which a water molecule is lost to form the bond. When this process occurs, each of the two bonded monomers provides part of the water molecule that was lost in the dehydration reaction: one contributes a hydroxyl group and the other a hydrogen. Dehydration reaction can take place over and over again, losing a water molecule every time, and forming a chain of monomers: a macromolecule. These macromolecules are disassembled by hydrolysis. This process is the inverse of a dehydration reaction: the covalent bond between the monomers is broken when water is added, a hydrogen attaching to one monomer and a hydroxyl group attaching to the other.

Proteins are vital components of all living organisms. These macromolecules are identified as large molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids. There are twenty different amino acids that can be used to create various types of proteins. Specific sequences of amino acids in a chain is determined by DNA coding of the cell. An amino acid’s sequence is essential since it determines the overall structure and function of a protein. There are several different types of proteins such as enzymes, transport, storage, signal, structural, motor, receptor, gene regulatory, and special type/purpose proteins. Proteins also take part in biological processes, including cell growth, defense, movement, and regulation of organs.