Protein Thermal Stability Analysis

Do enzyme reactions increase as the temperature is raised? It is proven that the rate of an enzyme reaction increases as the temperature is raised. But by how much? A ten-degree centigrade rise in temperature will increase by fifty to on hundred percent. There is a direct influence between enzyme activity and temperature. The question that was studied in Bio110 lab Enzyme Activity II was “Does temperature influence the activity of an enzyme?” The null hypothesis is; temperature does not significantly influence enzyme activity. The alternative hypothesis is; temperature does significantly influence enzyme activity. The alternative hypothesis is accepted. This is true because in our results in the Enzyme Activity II, showed that as temperature increases so does the activity of an enzyme.

Enzymes react differently under different conditions and concentrations, being the most productive at the enzymes specific optimum condition and concentration. The enzyme sucrase, extracted from yeast, breaks down the complex sugar sucrose into the simple sugar glucose. Testing for sucrase’s optimum environment, multiple reactions were ran using varying amounts and concentrations of sucrose and sucrase at different pHs and temperatures. The product was then treated with Benedicts solution to visually observe what amount of glucose was present after the reaction was ran; negative results being little to no glucose present and positive results being

Attractions between water and other molecules, which is adhesion, is also possible because of the polarity as well. In relation to hydrogen bonds, water’s high specific heat is changed when hydrogen bonds are made or broken. When a hydrogen bond breaks, heat is absorbed whereas when a hydrogen bond forms, heat is released. In addition to HSH, ice is able to float in liquid water because hydrogen bonds in ice is more structured than in water, making the ice less dense. Also, water is a versatile solvent because of its polarity, which helps it form hydrogen bonds (mentioned above). The structure of water molecules also affects the dissociation of water, where H2O breaks into H+ and OH- due to the polarity of the

Extrinsic proteins recognise and bind on specific molecules, eg. hormones. Membranes can also be embedded in the inner membrane The reason why the membrane structure breaks down at higher temperatures is because the proteins are not very stable and break down with heat, called denaturing. An enzyme denatures because the heat changes the shape of the active site o the substrate can not fit into it. Enzymes are always denaturing, but at higher temperatures this occurs more rapidly.

Hypothesis: If the temperature increases, then rate of the chemical reaction will increase as well, and if the temperature decreases, then the rate of reaction will also decrease.

Proteins are the metabolic workhorses of the cell; they engage in a variety of essential activities ranging from enzymatically catabolizing macromolecular food sources to serving as structural components that maintain cell stability. Maximizing protein function relies on intricate non-covalent interactions occurring on the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels that help determine the overall shape of the protein. In their native states, proteins will assume the most energetically favorable configuration. Occasionally however, cells are exposed to exogenous disruptions such as heat stress. Heat Stress can compromise protein three-dimensional structure. Hydrophobic residues tend to be buried in the interior of the protein but when

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of reaction in certain biological functions. They play a vital role in many aspects of human physiology and are necessary for the functioning of a number of systems, for example in the digestive system to help to break down food. All enzymes have a unique active site that can fit on to a particular molecular arrangement on a target substrate; a substance e.g. carbohydrate, protein, or fat, that the enzyme is designed to breakdown. There are a number of different enzymes in the human body; each type produced specifically to perform a certain role. Enzymes are not themselves destroyed in the reaction to break down a

Since the side chains are bonded to ions in solution, they are unavailable to bond with each other. This lack of bonding amongst the side chains effects the tertiary structures of the protein, changing its shape. The tertiary structure is important because for an enzyme to work, it must have a very specific shape to fit, lock and key style, onto the substrate. As the substrate and enzyme bind the shape of the substrate molecule slightly bends. This strains the bonds of the substrate, allowing them to be broken easy.

During that time we learned various steps and methods to purifying protein. We segwayed into enzymes and their ability to catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy. We also learned the different classifications that specific enzymes depending on the reactions they catalyze. For example, enzymes that are involved in catalyzing hydrolysis reactions are known as hydrolases. Lastly, we looked at polysaccharides for short-term energy storage and their interactions through glycosidic bondage. Nucleotides were also mentioned and their involvement in DNA and RNA. Concluding the course, we observed lipids and their involvement with long-term energy storage. With all that we have learned, I now reflect and appraise the role that biochemistry plays in my everyday life as well as from a global point of view.

The purpose of this experiment is to determine how the change of pH, enzyme concentration, and temperature affect the rate of enzyme reactions. In this experiment, three tests were performed. The first related the effects of different concentrations of the enzyme sucrase on a constant amount of a substrate. The second experiment was used to investigate the changes in enzyme productivity based on the temperature at which the reaction was allowed to occur. The third experiment tests the effect of how the pH of a substance affects the rate at which the enzyme catalyses sucrose.

Procedure A (Testing Enzyme Activity)- In some conditions, a reaction will occur and in others no reaction will happen.

These organisms use several adaptations in order to survive high temperatures. They are prokaryotes, which more easily adapt to extreme temperatures than eukaryotes. They use salts such as potassium and magnesium to protect their DNA from degradation, and they generate special polyamines that help to protect the proteins in their DNA from being degraded in high temperatures. One adaptation that thermophilic archaea have that helps them to survive high temperatures is ether bonds in their cell membranes, which are more stable than bonds found in many other

The amino acid structures found in living cells from planet Mehcoib will be identical to the ones from the Earth. However, there will be different patterns of protein folding due to the affected hydrophobic interaction, which is important in tertiary and quaternary proteins structures. In this interaction, since water molecules are hydrophilic (polar), they do not place close to hydrophobic molecules. As a result of this lack of surrounding hydrophobic molecules, hydrophobic parts of proteins will not be incorporated with hydrophilic solutions and usually placed in the inner core of proteins. In the planet Mehcoib where heptane has replaced water, hydrophobic interactions will happen differently because of this replacement. Since heptane is non-polar molecule, it acts as a hydrophobic molecule. In living cells from the planet Mehcoib, heptane molecules will place closely to hydrophobic molecules and carry them as a part of solution. However, it will keep distant from hydrophilic molecules; as a result, hydrophilic parts of proteins will be placed in the inner core part of proteins. There also will be the lack of the hydrogen bonds that result from two water molecules placed next to each other and form non-covalent linkage. Thus, the presence of heptane instead of water in the planet Mehcoib will not change proteins' primary and secondary structures, but

In this experiment the scientist will be testing if all proteins denature at the same temperature? Denaturation of a protein is when the structure of the protein is broken down and the protein loses its strength and ability to work, so it ended up dying.The independent variable is the different types of protein, albumen (egg), casein(milk) and keratin (hair) .The dependent variable is the temperature(F°) that the proteins start to change.The constant variable are the materials, room temperature and work space.

Meanwhile, if temperature is increased denatures the proteins. Proteins then unfold and the non-polar groups which were previously in the interior of the molecule become exposed. This leads to a decrease in the solubility of the protein in aqueous environment. Addition of ethanol, methanol, acetone and the like decreases the dielectric constant and thus decreases protein’s solubility. (Boyer, 2000)