Protocols For Training For The Different Learning Paradigms

How can I use my preferred learning style to my advantage at school (especially in subjects I find challenging)?

Longitudinal neuroimaging research shows two kinds of changes that transpire to achieve fewer yet stronger neuronal connections by the end of the period:

There are people who think that older adults are not capable of learning new information because of the number of neurons in their brain decline as they age. In the PBS video “Stealing Time”, the old cage potato rats were given a change of scene with an enriched environment and the results were that their dendrites grew and made new synaptic connections where there were none before. These rats were better on future tasks than the old rats that were not given a change of scene. When older adults are doing a task in a laboratory setting they are less efficient at processing the information presented to them and their reaction time is slower. “Older adults show more brain activity between the prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal lobe than

Consistent with the idea of learning and the brain’s interaction with the environment, neuroplasticity is the idea that the human brain can change and grow, that it can modify itself to compensate for weak spots and expand limits (Cockrell, 2007). For example, it was once thought that neuron production slows down exponentially in adulthood, but research reveals that this is not the case. Research has found that the brains of aging cancer patients were still able to produce new neurons (Cockrell, 2007). The human brain is an extremely complex organ. Inside the average human brain, there are 200 billion neurons. These neurons allow for trillions of connections (Arrowsmith, 2013). Arrowsmith (2013) discussed Mark Rosenshwag, a neuroscientist who conducted an experiment with rats. Rosenswag placed the rats in a stimulating environment and found that rats were better learners because of the stimulation. More importantly, he noted that the brains of the rats being studied changed

Author introduces us to Psychiatrist Eric Kandel, the first person that showed the synaptic connections between individual neurons as we learn. He won Nobel Prize for his successful demonstration of neurons that changes anatomical shape during the formation

It is full of comprehensive and engaging style; well reference and scientifically proven, summarizes the current revolution in neuroscience and neuroplasticity, and closes the gap that the old age or matured brain, which is unchangeable is changeable and malleable (plastic); extending it functions from one region to the other. Doidge engaging style of writing, scientific proves, and academic tone help to make the book persuasive.

Whether aging impair learning related long-term plasticity at LESN-L7MN synapses? (Aim 1). Though several studies have brought insights into the aging associated behavioral, cellular and electrophysiological changes, none of these studies have examined learning related long-term synaptic plasticity at LE SN-L7MN synapses connections of GWR during aging. First, using the semi-intact preparation [6,34], we will measure basal electrophysiological

Though humans largely retain optimal cognitive function and experience little physical neural changes throughout adulthood, with aging comes change in structure and decline in brain function.

It involved brain removal and the immersion of its hemispheres in modified Golgi-Cox staining solution for 7-10 days in the dark at room temperature that were then transferred to 30% sucrose in deionized water at 4ᵒC for 3 days. After further strategic drying and immersion, and quantification of dendritic length and intersection of each sphere, it was indicated that dendrite spine number on cell neurons in the dentate gyrus increased in heterochronic parabionts. The inspection of hippocampal functional changes was conducted by extracellular electrophysiological recordings. The recordings were done using an Axopatch-2B amplifier and pCamp 10.0 software (Axon Instruments) on acute hippocampus slices. The field potential was documented using glass mircoelectrodes filled with artificial cerebrospinal fluid. The synaptic transmission was analyzed by making input-output curves and long-term potentia (LTP) in the dendate gyrus of isochronic parabionts hastily reached baseline levels while heterochronic parabionts had an LTP that was above the baseline the whole time. This is indicative that synaptic plasticity in old mice is advanced by exposure to young

Craft, J Gordon, C 2011, ‘Alterations in neurological function across the life span’, in J Craft, C Gordon, A Tiziani (eds), Understanding pathophysiology, Elsevier Mosby, Chatswood, NSW, pp. 188-226.

Learning is a multifaceted perception unique to each individual. In looking to address the intricacies of learning, there have been a multitude of learning theories established over the centuries. To this day new theories are developed and traditional theories continue to be developed and expanded upon. (Swinburne Online, 2016)

(C1.1) Preliminary results: Electrophysiological measurements in the intact abdominal ganglia and analysis of electrophysiological changes in identified neurons during aging. We recently described a ganglia preparation to carry out electrophysiological and molecular analysis of the same neurons in the abdominal ganglia. Using this methodology [31], we have carried out intracellular recordings from L7, L11 and R15 neurons (Fig 2). We then focused on aging associated changes in R15 and have analyzed membrane potentials and response to neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Ach). We compared two different age groups, mature (6-7 months) and old (11-12 months) animals and found that aging did not alter basal properties such as membrane potential or latency and slope of burst firing whereas we observed a decrease in Ach response in old R15 neurons. To gain deeper insight into Ach induced changes in burst firing; we analyzed four parameters of action potential (AP) waveform (amplitude and duration of depolarization and repolarization). We observed specific changes in AP waveform [32]. For example, Ach induced changes in duration of depolarization and repolarization in mature R15 was absent on the old R15 (Fig 3) suggesting a decrease in response to Ach during aging [32].

It is clear to neurobiologists that aging results in a decrease in brain size as well as a decrease in the efficiency of brain functions. It has been a widely held belief that aging causes neurons to die and for the overall number of neurons to decrease as one reaches old age. Studies

One of the simplest and most commonly-used methods of conceptualizing learning is that of reinforcement theory (Noe 2010: 142). Every time a parent promises a child a toy for being good during a grocery store trip or threatens a teen with being grounded for bad grades, he or she is using reinforcement theory. Reinforcement theory is based upon the assumption that people want to experience as much pleasure as possible and avoid pain. Thus, businesses offer workers bonuses for good work, and issue reprimands (such as docking pay or denying a promotion) for poor behavior.

This essay will compare and contrast three key theories of learning; Behaviourism, Cognitive Learning Theory and Constructivism.