Pseudotumor Cerebri Research Paper

Different types of intracranial hemorrhages can occur due to injuries to the skull, either directly or indirectly. Epidural hematomas occur when a direct blow to the skull causes injury to the dural arteries or veins that lead to bleeding that accumulates between the dura matter and the skull. If the dural artery is injured, rapid deterioration of the patient neurologic status can occur. As the size of the epidural hematoma increases, the surrounding brain tissues is damaged due to the compression from the pressure of the blood accumulation. The patient may experience a dilated pupil on the side of the injury due to compression of the third cranial nerve. The patient may also complain of a severe headache, visual disturbances and weakness on the opposite side of the injury. If bleeding continues and increases the intracranial pressure, leading to brain shift or herniation of the brain stem which is irreversible and leads to hypertension, bradycardia and respiratory arrest. This trio of symptoms is called the Cushing’s Triad. Epidural hematomas can continue

An acute presentation of hypertension will present with the aforementioned hemorrhages and exudates due to the bursting of small vessels. When the degree of hypertension is of a high severity, blurry vision and papilledema can also develop due to optic nerve infarction or increased intracranial pressure, respectively. Meanwhile, a chronic presentation will look quite different. A chronic pattern of hypertension will not involve papilledema, but instead will include arterial vasoconstriction and sclerosis. The “copper wiring” that was present in our patient’s case this week arises from this sclerosis. The appearance occurs because of an increased reflection of light while performing the fundoscopic exam

Intracerebral drain stroke is a seeping inside the mind tissue because of the burst of veins, record 10% of all stroke cases. Generally coming about because of hypertension is the primary driver, coagulation figure issue, anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment, cerebrum tumor, injury, and a burst of an aneurysm. ICH generally happens amid a time of movement, and has a sudden onset that advance with minutes to additional keeping in mind the end goal to create draining inclination figure (7), (Lewis, et al. 2014 and Ignatavicius & Workman, 2015b).

This patient most likely has a extradural (epidural) hematoma and the temporal fossa is the most common site of this type of hematoma caused by “injury to the middle meningeal artery or vein”(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 584). “Expanding high-volume epidural hematomas can produce a midline shift and cause herniation of the brain. Compressed cerebral tissue can impinge on the third cranial nerve resulting in pupillary dilation and contralateral hemiparesis or extensor motor response”(Price, 2014, p. 3). Extradural hematomas are medical emergencies and surgical intervention is needed to remove the clot and reduce the pressure on the brain. Whether treated or untreated, this type of hematoma has an elevated risk of brain damage. However, left untreated, patients with extradural hematomas have a high risk of

After reading through the case study information and considering everything possible, the provisional diagnosis for this patient is a traumatic brain injury. Along with the TBI, there is also an associated linear skull fracture and intracranial haemorrhage (epidural

Increased Intracranial Pressure is the skull and the brain tissue. Some of the causes are severe head injuries and brain bleeds Increased Intracranial Pressure."). Some of the symptoms are lethargy, vomiting, and seizures. It is caused when the brain is pressing against

The topic assigned to me for the health paper is cerebrovascular disease, which is a stroke. Cerebrovascular is really two words combined. Cerebro is the largest part in the brain and vascular is termed as veins and arteries. From those two terms, one can interpret that this disease has to deal with the blood flow that goes on in the brain. According to the Association of Neurological surgeons, cerebrovascular disease is defined as the any disorder that is in the brain is either permanently or temporarily affected by bleeding and even by ischemia (AANS, 2005). It states, “ Cerebrovascular disease includes stroke, carotid stenosis, vertebral stenosis and intracranial stenosis, aneurysms, and vascular malformations” (AANS, 2005). When this

In the early stages of papilledema may systomatic or present with headache. However the blind spot, blurring of vision, visual obsurations and total loss of vision may occur due to enlargement.

The first reason the endoscopic third ventriculostomy is the best choice in treatment is because, the chances of blockage is lower. “Shunting involves the implantation of two catheter and a flow control valve system to drain the excess cerebrospinal fluid form the brain’s ventricles to another

Glioma is a solid primary tumour that starts in the brain and has a very high mortality rate. Brain tumours are most common in adults but can also affect children. There are two types of tumours one type is called the low-grade tumour and this is the slow growing tumours that are referred to as non-malignant. High-grade tumours are fast growing and are referred to as malignant tumours. However even though there are different grades they both have the potential to cause harm. The high grade which are cancerous are the most difficult to treat this is because of highly vascularized nature of the tumour. Treating high-grade gliomas requires specific alterations within the cells. Patients who suffer from a brain tumour will have many symptoms.

A seventeen year old male arrived at the medical facility ambulatory. The patient was in route to neurology for evaluation when he abruptly became camtose (in a state of unconsciousness or coma). Patient was observed afflicted with hemiparesis (feeling weak on one half of the body or the other) in his left side which quickly escalated to hemiplegia (loss of the ability to move half of the body). Also leading up to the coma the patient showed ataxia (lack of muscle coordination) (Gylys, 2013), and during attempts to verbally keep him conscious he was aphrasic (unable to speak). The patient’s record indicates hereditary cerebrovascular disease (any functional abnormality of the cerebrum caused by disorders of the blood vessels of the brain)

At Keck Medical Center of USC, there are many patients that have experienced subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) on the Neurology Intensive Care Unit. A subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs “when there is intracranial bleeding into the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space between the arachnoid and pia mater membranes” (Lewis 1392). This bleeding of the brain can be brought on by multiple causes such as an aneurysm, illicit drug use, or trauma. More often than not, these patients will have an External Ventricular Device (EVD), which is a device that drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), via a ventricular catheter. This device drains CSF when the pressure within the cranial vault rises above a specific level ordered by the physician, to which the EVD is zeroed

Next, it is important that the injection of the anesthetic be done in the appropriate location. There are three layers, known as the meninges, which cover the brain and spinal cord: pia, arachnoid and dura mater. The epidural space lies inside the bony spinal canal, but is anterior to a layer of the dura mater (refer to Figure 1). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounds the spinal cord and is contained by the arachnoid mater. An epidural involves careful insertion of a needle through the vertebral bones and ligaments and into the epidural space.

Primary hypertension has no signs and symptoms beside high blood pressure, it is usually found when patient have their routinely checkups. Secondary hypertension have certain signs and symptoms that are specific to them. Such as having high blood pressure that doesn’t respond to any mediation that is for high blood pressure, having previous high blood pressure medication that use to work but no longer work anymore, and having a systolic pressure that is above 160 and a diastolic pressure that is above 100. Malignant hypertension causes a patient to nausea, change in vision, nosebleed, difficulty breathing, and severe headaches. Malignant hypertension can also cause brain swelling which will result in more serious symptoms. Such as blindness,

Symptoms vary depending on the amount of damage caused by pressure in the brain. Symptoms may be similar to symptoms of progression of hydrocephalus in children, or may include the following or other symptoms: