Psychodynamic Perspective

The history of Psychodynamic psychology originated with Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century. Freud proposed a psychodynamic theory to which personality consists of the id. The Id is present at birth and it resides in the world of unconsciousness. Freud also said that the unconscious is also a place where human instinctual biological drives reside. The drives direct our behaviour towards choices that promise to satisfy our basic human needs. The drives ensure our survival like drinking water and eating food, the desire for reproduction and the necessity for aggression.

I primarily believe in the behavioral perspective. However, on the topic of obsessive compulsive disorder I find that I favor the psychodynamic perspective. OCD is classified as a long lasting disorder, in which a person has recurring thoughts and behaviors they feel need to be completed repetitively. I tend to favor the behavioral perspective because I agree with the idea that outside factors influence a persons responses and behaviors. Throughout childhood and even more on, one is constantly taught about their environment and they learn everything they need to know in life through this perspective. Whether that be conditioning a child as they grow, so that they are able to learn and differentiate good from bad through reward and punishment. To understanding why an individual acts a certain way and what

In this approach we see the theories of psychology that see the human mind function based upon the interaction of forces and drives within the mind, normally this means unconscious thoughts, but it also includes looking at the different structures of the personality.

This perspective involves examining the physical aspects that affect a living thing’s behavior such as the brain, nervous system, and genetics.

Behaviourism is a psychological approach that emphasis on environmental factors influencing observable human behaviour. This approach consists of two main processes: Classical conditioning which means learning things by associating them with something e.g. if you ate Chinese food before and it made you feel queasy and unwell then the next time you see Chinese food you will associate it to that experience you had before. Operant conditioning which means learning things by positive and negative reinforcement and association e.g. when you do well in school and your parents buy you the game you’ve always wanted (positive reinforcement).

The psychodynamic approach to psychology is the study of human behaviour from the point of view of motivation and drives. The original beliefs of this approach were created by Sigmund Freud in the 1800s. Although it is now generally seen negatively in the common view, sometimes comically, it has provided the inspiration for a few of the current leading approaches to psychology.

The study that John Watson is best known for was that of Little Albert. In this study, Watson and his assistant placed an infant, baby Albert, in a room along with a white rat. At first, Albert attempted to reach out toward the rat as it moved around him however soon after Watson slammed together two steel pipes creating a noise loud enough to scare Albert. After this initial scare, the pipes were hit together each time Albert would reach for the rat eventually resulting in his complete fear of the rat and anything that resembled it (Watson & Rayner, 1920). It was in this study that Watson was using a strategy of conditioning that would pair Albert with an unconditioned stimulus and then conditioning him to become fearful of this stimulus. Do to his research in the field, Watson became known as the founder of behaviorism.

Focus is on the unconscious mind and its influence over conscious behavior (such as nail biting, nervous rituals)

1. The seven perspectives of modern psychology are psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biological, evolutionary, and sociocultural. • Psychodynamic Perspective is an approach to understanding behavior and mental processes developed by Freud, which focuses on unconscious processes, unresolved conflicts, and past experiences. Therefore, a psychodynamic perspective view may suggest that Kyra at some point in her early childhood, encountered conflict, in which she either failed or did not achieve a desired grade on an assignment that she had hoped for.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common mental health problem associated with poor quality of life, impaired functioning and increased risk of suicide. Improvement is unlikely and symptoms will remain chronic unless adequate treatment is provided. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2006a) guidelines on the management of OCD, recommend the use of psychological treatments that are based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Brief treatment forms of CBT are recommended initially and more intensive forms are offered when health gain is not apparent. While the presentation of OCD can be complex, nurses can assist in the recognition and treatment of OCD through additional training or current skills (Gellatly, J., & Molloy, C., 2014)

Meredith had lost her other half, her soul mate, her husband, Derek Shepard. She now found herself lost and remembering back to her life as a child being paired with a repetition of the quote “The carousel never stops turning,” once spoken by her mother. Now left with 2 children, along with one on the way, Meredith disappears from Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital. Recalling her past love with Derek, Meredith is unsure of how to move on, yet has a horrifying past of events quite similar to this to help her find her way. Following in her mother's footsteps, Meredith leaves when there seems to be nothing left of her.

Behavior :This perspective allows for us to focus on how we learn from the consequences our actions lead to. Its an if, then action as well as learning from what we see others doing. Behaviorism focuses on observable events instead of events such as thoughts, feelings, and beliefs. In behaviorism it's where the environment can play a role and the individual's behavior.

John B. Watson was a psychologist who paved the road for developing behaviorism. Watson believed that psychology should be based on scientific observable behavior. He is well known for his research on the conditioning process, as well as the Little Albert experiment, in which he conditioned a child to fear a previously neutral stimulus. Watson’s behavioral theory focused on people’s external and outward behaviors. He believed how a person reacts to something physical provides an insight into their internal actions. “He spent most of his psychology career applying this theory to the study of child development and early learning” (Plucker, 2003).

John B. Watson, the main founder of Behaviorism, was born in Greenville, South Carolina, and attended Fruman University and the University of Chicago (Weidman, 2005) where he studied in the department of philosophy with Henry Herbert Donaldson and James Rowland Angell. He became a professor in 1908 at John Hopkins University where he taught psychology. During his time as a professor, Watson completed a few experiments that would support his claims about behaviorism, such as The Little Albert experiment where he “emphasized the importance of learning and environmental influences in human development” (Plucker, 2002). In 1920, the same year Little Albert was conducted, he resigned his position as a professor after a personal scandal (Plucker,

John B. Watson was a great American psychologist whose theories, publications, and experiments had an enduring influence on psychology. Possibly his biggest contributions to psychology were his theory of behaviorism and his experiment on Little Albert. Though Watson’s experiments were extremely unethical and behaviorism doesn’t account for biological psychology, Watson was an extremely remarkable psychologist because of his principal of behaviorism and his findings on classical conditioning.