Psychological Adjustments for Hirschsprung’s Disease

In fact, the postoperative group experienced a successful result. The comparison of patients who had surgery prove that gains in health and physical ability persevere for several years. For example, postoperative patients’ improvements in hearing, breathing, communicating, and mental functioning exceeded the results of others. Although the postoperative group had the worst scores for breathing due to the greater necessity placed on the cardiorespiratory system, this finding is interpreted as a sign of successful treatment. (Rissanen et al., 1995). Overall, physical ability was significantly improved in the postoperative groups. Major improvements were shown for pain, sleep, and mobility. Activities of daily living (ADL) were significantly enhanced after

Hirsch sprung disease is a disease that shows several Signs and symptoms. Approximately more than 75% of children with Hirsch sprung disease show symptoms in the beginning of six weeks of their lives. Newborns frequently begin showing symptoms with in the earliest 24 to 48 hours of life. the most common signs and symptoms infants may experience during Hirsch sprung disease are as the following: Not having a bowel movement in the first 48 hours of life, gradual swelling of the belly, gradual onset of vomiting, fever, sepsis (overwhelming infection), growth failure, refusal to feed, easily palpable fecal mass, foul smelling stool, constipation or a condition in which there is difficulty in emptying the bowels that usually associated with hardened feces that worsens over time, and Small watery stool( Cincinnati children's hospital,2017)

"Spina bifida is a type of birth defect called a neural tube defect, it happens if the spinal column of the fetus does not close completely during the first month or pregnancy, that can damage the nerves and spinal cord" (U.S National Library Medicine, 2014). Spina bifida's symptoms are defending on how severe the defect is. Children with mild form of spina bifida do not have any problems. According to WebMD, children with the most severe form often, have spine, and brain issues that cause serious problems (2014). Scientists believed that spina bifida is caused by a condition of genetic and environmental factors such as the mother's nutrition. "The long-term problems associated with spina bifida are; bowel problems, hydrocephalus surgery, muscles

The paper attempts to find any correlation/connections between Hirschsprung Disease and Congenital heart disease. This was done by identifying children with Hirschsprung disease, which is a disease that causes the colon of the affected person to infllamme. Hirschsprung is Congenital,present at birth, and becomes an issues as the child mature, since passage of stool becomes difficult. This issue can be corrected but issues can arise when dealing with other diseases such as congenital heart disease. Some patients cases seem to imply that in attempting to solve the issues the patient is then affected long term. The study took place in a pediatric surgery center, in which 53 out of 61 children were chosen to take place of the study. All of these

As a congenital malformation commonly affecting children born with Spina Bifida, the Arnold-Chiari malformation, or Chiari Malformation Type II, involves the irregular extension of both the cerebellar tonsils and the brain stem tissue into the opening to the spinal canal – the foramen magnum (NINDS, 2013). Typically, the brain stem and the cerebellum sit above the opening to the spinal canal, where the brain stem houses most of the cranial nerves that supply the body. Providing the control centres for vital bodily functions such as breathing, regulation of the body’s internal environment through maintenance of heart rate and blood pressure, as well as providing sensory and motor control to a significant portion of the body (Joynt, 2014), the Arnold-Chiari malformation causes substantial problems for patients. Likewise, the congestion of these structures in the spinal canal limits the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain to the spinal cord (Medway, 2006), causing other medical issues that become regularly associated with Spina Bifida as a result, such as hydrocephalus (Columbia Neurosurgery, n.d.). Issues associated with the Arnold-Chiari malformation can only be relieved, rather than treated, through surgical processes that aim to eliminate or reduce these symptoms (WebMD, 2014).

Hirschsprungs is a disease that is related to chronic constipation and usually manifests itself in early childhood, especially under the age of one. However, older children can have this disease as well, and some can even be born with this. Even though the younger children can have Hirschsprungs, it is not usually diagnosed until their later years due to the fact that children frequently have constipation and the need for enemas and laxatives when they are younger. Hirschsprungs is usually suspected when the child has had a more frequent need for enemas, and laxatives. A research study was done in order to examine the frequency of Hirschsprungs in the population as well as types of patients who were diagnosed with the disease.

Hirschsprung's disease is a birth defect. It results in the intestine becoming obstructed. Before 1948 infants with Hirschsprung's disease died (Hirschsprung's Disease"). Now with treatment, babies with the disease can survive. The disease is defined by its history, symptoms and diagnosis, and treatment. Hirschsprung's disease is a life-threatening birth defect that causes problems with bowel movements but with treatment available today the result is very good.

An offer can be accepted or rejected by phone. If rejecting ensure it is apparent why the offer is being rejected and the appreciation for the process. If the offer is going to be accepted, it can be done by phone and followup with a letter of acceptance. If uncertain, be honest and take time to consider the offer.

found that many patients experience feeding problems from gastroesophageal-reflux caused by a hiatal hernia - possibly associated with surgical repair of gastroschisis6. Due to loss of intestine from dysmotility, patients may suffer from short-bowel syndrome which can require extensive Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)6. Other potential complications with nutritional implications can include necrotizing enterocolitis or post-operative ileus6-7. Traditionally, the infant is first started on TPN and then advanced to enteral feedings once GI function starts to normalize and there is minimal gastric drainage is observed6-7. However, there is no standard protocol for assessing gastric residuals and introducing

Exomphalos can be linked to genetic abnormalities and it may occur with any age of the mother (“Contact a Family,” 2012). Gastroschisis is characterised by a defect in the abdominal wall and it is positioned to one side of the umbilical cord, typically the right side. In most cases the bowel will develop out of the abdomen. The bowel will remain out of the abdomen for the remaining time of the pregnancy. In some cases, the amniotic “ fluid irritates the bowel and makes it inflamed and thick, so that it does not work properly. Sometimes the bowel becomes twisted as it floats in the fluid and the blood supply is restricted.” (“Contact a Family,” 2012). At birth, the bowel can become further irritated when it is exposed to the air. Gastroschisis is associated with younger mothers; if the mother is under 20 years old, the risk of her child having gastroschisis is twelve times more likely (“Contact a Family,” 2012). Gastroschisis is typically not linked with any other abnormality, which means that is almost always an isolated abnormality (“Contact a Family,” 2012).

Hirschsprung disease is a congenital digestive condition primarily found in newborns, although older children can be diagnosed with mild cases. Damage to the nerve cells found in between the muscle layers of the walls of the large intestine inhibits the ability to effectively pass stool. The loss of functioning nerve cells prevents peristalsis from moving the stool towards the rectum creating blockages of stool in the large intestine. This results in constipation, bloating, diarrhea, and vomiting, these symptoms if left unchecked can be lethal in infants, and lead to many long term problems in older children. Recorded evidence of Hirschsprung disease dates back to 1691 with

In addition, when the anorectum has not been in the right position during fetal development, defective sensation in the anal canal can be predicted as sensory connections to the CNS cannot be expected to be intact. Fecal continence will also be influenced by the fact that the voluntary striated muscles, represented by the levator muscle, muscle complex and external sphincter, are commonly underdeveloped and cannot function normally. All these congenital problems in ARM patients contribute to their incontinence, especially early in life. A concomitant neurospinal dysraphism will exacerbate dysfunction of the pelvic floor. (Borg, 2013)

Unfortunately, for the young man, the accumulation continued for years leading to the ‘birth’ of faeces weighing 12kg. The expanded colon called ‘mega colon’ is one of the complications of Hirschsprung’s disease. Some of the other complications include:

Many people in the world live joyless lives. Sadly, a lot of those people are Christian. The ever present threat of losing a primary source of income, possibility of contracting terminal illness, the presumed deterioration of the societal norms to which have come accustomed, produces fear, doubt and anxiety. None of this is made better by the constant barrage of information via the 24-hour news cycle, feeding images and rhetoric to incite panic as means of boosting ratings and advertising dollars. For non-believers, there is no relief. Per the statistics from the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, Anxiety disorders affect 40 million people in the US , about 18% of the population, accounting for 33% of total amount of money

Surgery can be an option for those who have intestinal malrotation to prevent possible complications as well as rectifying any septal defects that may be present [26][27]