What Is The Interplay Between Psychological And Biological Factors

Health psychology is a diverse career field; psychologists can be employed anywhere from hospitals to research to influencing health care. “Health psychologists… conduct clinical interviews and behavioral assessments. They may also participate in interventions with individuals or groups — for example, programs to help people reduce stress, quit smoking and avoid sedentary behaviors…They may study the causes of health problems and how to prevent them, or explore why certain groups don’t seek care when they need it. They may also help patients understand and come to terms with a diagnosis, or follow a treatment regimen in order to increase the probability of their full recovery (American Psychology Association). Health psychologists have a broad spectrum of people to treat as they treat people with mental disorders and create treatment plans for people; health psychologists need to understand all parts of psychology to provide effective care for their patients because health psychologists research, test people, and help their patients gain skills so they can better take care of themselves.

A bio-psychosocial describes an approach systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery. Biological factors include defective biological processes compounds that lead to biological dysfunction and illness. Psychological factors are about the individual’s emotions, behavior, and mental processes. Social factors include social status and relations. These factors are all considered in an attempt to understand the underlying factors of such disease.

Leventhal’s model of self-regulation is based on the idea that each person forms a cognitive representation of their illness, which allows them to make sense of their symptoms. This illness perception and the patient’s emotional response then guide behaviour towards managing the illness (Leventhal et al., 1984). An illness perception is made up of five major components. These are illness identity, potential cause, timeline, its consequences and how it may be controlled. Often patients with similar diseases can hold very different perceptions of their illness (Petrie and Weinman, 2012). Clinical severity of the condition does not necessarily predict how a patient will cope. This essay will outline strengths and weaknesses of whether the model can be used to explain health outcomes and coping strategies, implement successful interventions and predict or even improve adherence to treatment. Finally, the importance of constructs not included in the model, such as social support, will be discussed. The essay will evaluate the model using examples of illnesses such as stroke, cancer, diabetes and asthma.

Psychological factors could influence a person’s mental wellbeing and these include learning difficulties and mental health illness such as depression which can cause more than just a low mood it can leave people feeling very sad, empty, hopeless or guilty for weeks, months or even years which could lead to suicide. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) which is an anxiety disorder which causes people to experience obsessive thoughts followed by compulsive behaviours. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which is triggered by events in a person’s life that involve real or threatened death, severe injury or sexual assault.

Income and education are closely linked with health status. The __________ the poverty rate and the __________ the education level, the better the health.

(P2) – This approach can be applied in health practice such as a health clinic. For example, if a service user is unsure of how to use a form of contraception, they can seek assistance in a health clinic. A nurse can demonstrate how to use different contraception, so that the service user is able to imitate and learn.

A biopsychosocial model is a deep interrelation of all of this three-factor such as biological factors(genetic and physical history), psychological factors (cognition, will, and emotions), and social factors (socioeconomic status, culture, religion, and technology). When a combination of all of this three-factor working together, it will lead to an outcome of an illness, however, each of this factors on its own is very insufficient to lead to an

The biopsychosocial model (BPS) of health is a framework developed by George L. Engle. This approach postulates that health and illness are influenced by biological, psychological and social factors. These factors are all involved in the causes, manifestation, course and consequence of health and diseases. The biopsychosocial model was introduced as an alternative approach to the biomedical model which is a more narrow approach (Abraham, 2008). The biomedical model states that diseases can only be

Psychological research has had a fundamental impact on mental health in the UK, for instance, it has ignited new treatments and made the practices of organisations like the NHS more efficient. However, some may critique the impact research has actually had, for example, the change that has actually occurred because of research. Looking at the impact of research is vital because surely one of the main aims of research is to positively benefit patient’s lives. It means changes in the practices of health organisations are well-informed resulting in effective changes, improving efficiency of health organisations. There has been much research carried out into the stigma of mental health disorders, biological causes e.g. role of dopamine in schizophrenia and new therapies that have emerged- which will all be assessed.

Self-efficacy, for the purpose of this study, may be defined as a person’s optimistic self-belief. This is the belief that a person can develop the skills to perform new or difficult tasks to cope with changes in health and functioning. When a person perceives self-efficacy, it will facilitate goal-setting, effort, investment, persistence, overcoming obstacles and recovery from disappointments and failures. It can be regarded as a positive outlook or proactive way to handle stress factors. It is the ability to successfully cope with health changes, and implies an internal and stable acceptance of changes and ability to successfully adapt to those changes. Perceived self-efficacy is functional in

Clinical Human Factors are an integral scientific discipline that each health professional must learn and abide by; It’s the study of how individual’s act physically and psychology within different settings. Human factors are used to describe interactions between 3 aspects; individuals at work, the task at hand and the workplace. Knowledge of each factors reduces the risk of injury within the workplace. The factors which have the ability to entice other factors for better or worse are: leadership, stress, fatigue, work environment, safety culture, communications and teamwork. Within the healthcare profession human factors can show how to make sure safe prescribing practises are used, how to communicate well in teams and hand over information to other healthcare professionals.

19. At the intrapersonal level, theories of health behavior assume individuals exist within and are influenced by a

Although gross medical advancements have allowed the human population to live longer and fuller lives without the threat of death from infectious diseases, it is apparent that we are now dealing with a different phenomenon that may be just as harmful to our health. The impact of psychological, social and environmental factors from our daily lives is having a drastic impression on the mental and physical wellbeing of our society. It has been shown in various studies that psychological and neurological factors influence the immune system and can have an effect on our health (Breedlove, Rosenzweig & Watson, 2010). As we allow various stressors, poisonous substances, unhealthy diets and lack of rest to overwhelm our existence, we are

The Biological Perspective: This is the study of exactly how the physical events within the physical body interact with the events in the external environment. This is expressed by our perceptions, memories, behaviors and interactions with everything around us. We can think about our heredity and genetic makeup and the influences that has on each one of us as an individual. Then think about the stress of poor health and illness and how we may express our emotions with those around us. Since we are diverse as individuals we rely on our physiological make up and the stimuli of our environment to adapt to each situation. This human biology helps us to constantly adapt and survive in an ever-changing world.

Developed at Rochester by Drs. George Engel and John Romano. This approach systematically examines biological, psychological and social factors and their interactions in understanding health, illness and healthcare delivery (University of Rochester Medical Centre, 2016).