Psychological Impact On Public Consciousness

     The Iraqis tried to prevent and split the growing international coalition through several means. They made it clear that their adversaries would pay heavily if war broke out, and they hinted they would use chemical weapons and missile attacks on cities. Iraq also held citizens of coalition countries who had been in Kuwait at the time of the invasion and said they would be held in militarily camp areas in effect using them as human shields to prevent coalition attacks. Iraq finally released the last of the foreigners in December 1990 under pressure from several Arab nations. The coalition's greatest military concern during the closing months of 1990 was that Iraqi forces would attack before coalition forces were fully in place, but no such attack took place.

In August of 1990, Iraq leader Saddam Hussein, invaded the neighboring country of Kuwait in an effort to gain control over there oil reserves and increase Iraqi power because the more oil you have today the more powerful you become as everybody needs oil for almost everything. The United Nations called for Iraq to

The Persian Gulf War, otherwise known as the Gulf War was an international conflict that began in August of 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait. Kuwait is located on the northwestern corner of the Persian Gulf. Kuwait is considered a wealthy country, with many oil refineries and a great military advantage with the location along the Gulf (“Kuwait”). Iraq 's leader Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion, with the goal of gaining possession of large oil reserves and expanding Iraqi power in Kuwait (“Persian”). On August 3, 1990 the United Nations calls for Iraq to withdraw their forces from Kuwait. After Iraq fails to cooperate, the United Nations begins a worldwide ban of trade with Iraq. By January 1991, Iraq had still failed to remove their presence in Kuwait, the United Nations authorizes the use of excessive force. On January 16, 1991 the United States lead a massive air campaign against Iraq. Air bombardment began in mission to get Iraq out of Kuwait. This air campaign became known as a mission

As previously outlined the US invaded Iraq without any international support from international organisations such as the United Nations. This lack of international support contrasts with another invasion of Kuwait; a country in a similar area of the world as Iraq, in 1993. It is argued by many that the lack of international support is integral to how the invasion of Iraq by the United States has led to a limited development of Iraq. A former British and America government advisor Dan Plesch argues that this lack of support led to a significantly lower number of troops than needed for peaceful and successful transition as planned by the US Army. This advocates the view that despite planning with a bigger force, America’s kneejerk reaction

The Persian Gulf War started August 2, 1990, when Saddam Hussein ordered the invasion of Kuwait. The main reason Hussein invaded Kuwait was to acquire their oil reserves. This would also cancel the debt that Iraq owes Kuwait. Hussein was also always looking to expand his power (“Persian Gulf War” Britannica). The Kuwaiti army was only around 20,000 soldiers, and Kuwait was captured within hours (Pieart). Iraq built up its troops in Kuwait to about 300,000 soldiers (“Persian Gulf War” Britannica). Together Iraq and Kuwait would account for 40% of the world’s oil

While inform and influence cannot be meaningfully separated, truth and falsehood can. (Paul, 2011). Every action, utterance, message, depiction, and movement of a nation’s military forces influences the perceptions and opinions of populations that witness them, both in the area of operations (first hand), and in the broader world (Paul, 2011).

Complex and interrelated concerns led United States (US) decision-makers to undertake the 2003 invasion, and subsequent occupation, of Iraq by United States military forces. Preceding the invasion, justifications provided by the Bush administration centered around practical considerations for disrupting terrorist groups, eliminating any weapons of mass destruction threat posed by the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, and the long-term prospect of establishing an example of democracy within the Middle East. However, during the early phases of the occupation, when it became clear that purported links between terrorist organizations and Iraq’s leader reflected questionable intelligence analysis, US leaders brought to the fore arguments regarding the spread of

In August 1990 the leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein commanded his military to invade Kuwait. Refugees fled Kuwait, as many citizens were robbed, assaulted, and looted. Kuwait is a small country located at the North-Western end of the Persian Gulf, this gulf separates South Western Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Saddam Hussein was well known to be a ruthless dictator. Leaving this to be the first time a UN member nation had invaded one of its fellow UN member nations. According to legends, that Hussein himself accepted, during the war Iraq- Iran war he had used poison gas against both Iranian troops and Iraqi civilians because they opposed to his regime (Carlisle 3). With this certain example we can furthermore comprehend Hussein’s brutality and desire for power.

The Persian Gulf War a U.S. - led war against Saddam Hussein’s Iraq. The level of analysis that best explains that event is the individual level. Saddam Hussein made the decision to attack Kuwait in August of 1990. I believe that the cause of this war was based on one individual (Saddam Hussein) because of his previous decision to dissolve conflict and return territory that his troop had occupied. The Persian Gulf War led to countries chain gang to each other. With Britain, France, Germany, the Soviet Union, Japan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia versus Iraq, Jordan, Algeria, the Sudan, Yemen, Tunisia and the PLO. The sequences of events was caused by Saddam Hussein’s choice to occupy Kuwait, because of allegation that there was overproduction of

What had occurred before these operations were to take place, was a invasion of Kuwait by the Iraqi military, which resulted in coalition forces mobilizing in order to counter this threat of Iraq taking over Kuwait and disrupting economic means within the country. The use of Psychological Operations during Operation Desert Storm was not the first time, PSYOP had been used to affect an enemy through Information Operations. What was seen, were the addition of new technology that further assisted in the Information Operations that had occurred during these offensives. The objective during these operations were to affect the way the Iraqi military had maintained their moral, as well as target the Iraqi military through various means, including the “voice of Kuwait” radio, as well as leaflets being dropped. The metrics that were used to evaluate the effectiveness of these operations were seen from the

Little would we know 20 years laters Bush had dealings with Sadam Hussein about oil, but it was not told to America until way after the fact. Many believed that his family and friends reped all the benefits financially. Iraq blamed Kuwait for pumping oil and not the wealth and resource, and Kuwait was getting more oil than needed under the set-standard by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, it diminished the overall cost of oil, which made the most money for Iraq. When Iraqi forces began to come together, near the Kuwaiti border in the summer of 1990, many Arab states wanted to come between the argument. Kuwait wanted to look strong and did not want to show any signs of vulnalerbility and weakness. Arabians were convinced that Iraq and Kuwait needed to reconcile their differences in Saudi Arabia, on August 1, 1990, but the meeting ended up only conlict and counter-conflicts. An additional meeting was set forth to take place in Baghdad, the Iraqi capital, much to their surprise Iraq infiltrated Kuwait the very proceeding day, many people believe ithe whole incident was pre-meditated by the-then Iraqi president Saddam

After the 9/11 terror attacks, the Bush Administration launched the war on terrorism in attempts to deal with the threats of global terrorism and enhance homeland security. This was characterized by a successful American military campaign to destroy Afghanistan's Taliban regime and interrupt the operations of the Al Qaeda terrorist network. In the aftermath of this successful mission, the United States military invaded Iraq due to its probable source of strategic surprise and the huge danger to U.S. national interests. The onset of the invasion was marked with huge debates regarding the continued use of international sanctions and the inspections by United Nation's arms to contain Iraq. The American military forces mainly targeted the Republican Guard and its armor, especially in attempts to advance into Baghdad. Through the use of airpower and ground troops, military successfully destroyed of the Republican Guard. However, the destruction of the Republican Guard proved to be costly mistake since it permitted foreign terrorists to enter Iraq and prolonged the war to nearly 9 years. Consequently, American ended up fighting a counter insurgency war in Iraq instead of regular military conflict. Despite of America's capture of Baghdad in the early stages of the war, the battle prolonged for 9 years because of the entrance of foreign terrorists and emergence of counter insurgency war.

In assessing psychology’s public image, two dimensions are paramount in the issue: “popularity” (or how the public feels toward psychology and psychologists), and “understanding” (what the public knows about psychology and what psychologists do) (Benjamin, 1986, p. 945). While overall, psychologists are met with a moderately favorable attitude (Guest, 1948), several studies have revealed a deficiency in the knowledge of who psychologists are and what they do (Wood et al., 1986; Wollersheim & Walsh, 1993; Lent, 1990; Cialdini, 1997; Webb & Speer, 1986; Farberman, 1997). This deficiency is the driving force behind many of the negative misperceptions that the public holds, and one cannot help but spy the tendency of the public to doubt the mechanisms behind psychology, namely the science. Lilienfeld (2012) published an article titled “Public Skepticism of Psychology: Why Many People Perceive the Study of Human Behavior as Unscientific.” In this article, Lilienfeld suggests that, “the general public agrees with the soft science nomenclature that is frequently applied to psychology” (Munro & Munro, 2014, p.534). He lists six common criticisms of the scientific basis of psychology, some of which include: psychology does not use scientific methods, psychology cannot yield meaningful generalizations because everyone is unique, and psychology is not useful in to society. An addition criticism listed is that psychology as merely common sense (Janda, England, Lovejoy, & Drury, 1998;

First of all , the first step is going to talk about why United States invades Iraq in 2003. for serveral reasons as illustrates: First of all, due to implementing the economic sanction, the United States invasion of Iraq was in 2003 and the United States also occupied the Iraqi capital of Baghdad. To be specific, according to research it is showing that referring to the Gulf War, the United Nations asked Iraq to abandon all chemical and biological weapons is worried that these weapons will bring negative influence to the society and world. As it is being showing by " The United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) performed inspections in Iraq to make sure that the conditions of the peace agreement that followed the first Gulf War were carried out." (Jakobsen& NTNU n.d.).

Saudi Arabia, concerned by the aggressive tactics of Iraq, requested help from the Allied Forces, in particular the United States. The United States, Britain, and allies responded and invaded Iraq in what was known as the first Persian Gulf War. The goal of the war was to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait and to stop attacks on Israel by Iraq (Gusterson). As the Allied Forces invaded the country and began trying to dismantle the regime, Iraq sought help from neighboring Iran while Russia, Iraq’s previous ally, decided to side with the United States. This left Iraq in desperate need of money when the war ended and United Nations sanctions left little money to be