Psychological Science and Gender Bias

Miller, Alice H. Eagly, and Marcia C. Linn, it measured gender-science stereotype, “” (2). which is defined as associations that connects science with men more than women. This is believed to come from a lack of representation of women in the relative field. The study notes that putting women in science related fields in media, or having more women in the field, lessons that stereotype. They conducted the experiment by measuring 66 nations, which consisted of 350,000 participants’ explicit and implicit gender-science stereotypes. They found a relationship “between women's representation in science and national gender-science stereotype” (Eagly, Linn, Miller 8). The results of the study concluded that “implicit and explicit measures indicated strong association of science with man” (Eagly, Linn, Miller

Currently, this generation lies in a time of unprecedented growth and change. The last few decades have endured years of transformation thereby allowing for the evolution of the human mind. The evolution of the human mind and its thought process all lies within cultural beliefs; beliefs affect attitudes and attitudes invertedly affect behavior. These behaviors may implement a form of prejudice and discrimination upon a certain group of individuals. Perhaps the most concurred concept revolving around attitudes and behaviors rests upon gender roles. This flawed concept created by man himself has indoctrinated society to acquire a negative perception of women. Women carry a stigma that they are both unintelligent and are subordinate to their

As a student coming from a purely humanities background, the idea that gender discrimination could occur in the field of science as a concept was completely alien to me. However it has come to light that gender discrimination in the field of science is not a myth but in fact a harsh reality for which the reasons remain skewed.

Since the beginning of evolution, females have been subjected and objectified based on their gender. History taught us that when during the 19th century, Charles Darwin, an English naturalist and geologist stated in his papers “The Origin of Man” (1859) and “Descent of Man” (1871) that men were superior to women. Unfortunately, such subjections to women still persist today; in politics, education, labor and surprisingly in science.

     In What Jamie Saw, by Carolyn Coman, gender bias shows itself in a new way. In this book

The second study centers around women and how their gender stereotypes and negative thoughts can create distress, low self-esteem and ultimately submissiveness. The researchers use the example of women entering a highly dominated male work environment. If she does her best not to think about the gender stereotypes, she will internalize her feelings and it will make her loose her confidence (Borton, Reiner, Vazquez, Ruddiman, Anglin, 2011). The researchers randomly assigned women to face a gender stereotype and try to suppress their feelings while working with a male counterpart (Borton et al., 2011). Then they videotaped the women to view their reactions. The hypothesis is based on the assumption that when women are forced to internalize gender stereotype such as inferiority, they will eventually show physical and verbal distress (Borton et al., 2011). Their method involves 56 collage women ranging from ages 18-22. The student’s incentives for participating in the study involved extra credit and a chance to win a hundred dollars (Borton et al., 2011).

I am most in agreement with the concept of beta bias. There are several reasons for my viewpoint. It has never been proven that male and female brains are biologically different and I am a feminist who believes men and women are equals and they should share the same rights and opportunities across the board. It is socialization, cultural norms and beliefs that creates our differences, but as we drift toward equality in education, politics, economic and legal conditions, I believe we will be less inhibited as men and women and free to be similar without judgement. I also think the more science points to our sameness the more widely received acceptance it will garner.

Women have been experiencing gender discrimination for years. Gender stereotypes for women are formed by unfair beliefs that all men and women are the same. This discrimination leads to certain effects such as how men expect women to do housework, take care of the children, and take on a passive role. Similar gender stereotypes are seen in “A Jury of Her Peers” by Susan Glaspell. In this short story, the murder of Mr. Wright was investigated by a group of men and women in Mr. Wright’s home. As the men search for evidence of a motive upstairs, the women stay downstairs and accidentally find the evidence needed to solve the murder. In Glaspell’s short story, “A Jury of Her Peers”, and in the article “Philosophical and Political Issues Surrounding Gender” it is made clear that gender stereotypes lead to gender discrimination. This discrimination causes men to assume women’s opinions are not as important as theirs and expect women to do all the house chores.

Gender bias, also known as sexism, is a full of attitudes, laws, taboos, preferences, and behaviors that differentiates and discriminates against either sex. These may be a position of which male dominance and female subjugation in the modern society. It could also be a form of sexual stereotypes between men and women, these are commonly experienced in employment versus other positions. A final place that discrimination is faced is the academic environment, the female to male ratios are not in sync in certain programs and courses because of this and it is pressuring men and women to not go into certain fields and do what they love and please. Most advertisements on Television, magazines, newspapers, online ad’s, use a charged sexually image with a female as the star. Women are to be a pleasure for men, and nothing else. Many people have different opinions on genders and sexuality and that is okay, but sometimes you just need to keep them to yourselves.

The first hypothesis’ were that men and women had different levels of stereotypes and participated in them in different amounts, men would have a higher participation in these types of behaviors, and late adolescents would

Standpoint theory claims that marginalized groups can generate unique insights into how society works” (Wood, 51-52).

A sample size of nineteen high school aged students from one educational institution was used in this investigation, where participants were randomly allocated into either the treatment or control group, based on non-existing groups. This sample, though somewhat sizeable, is not able to be generalized to the whole population based on undifferentiating factors of gender bias, similar socioeconomic status, culture and age, where they are from the same institution. The limited variation in the sample size causes a lack of validity where it is too scarce to make informed psychological

When given the thought of what a minority might be, someone will immediately address, Latinos, African-Americans, poor or disabled, however they usually leave Asians out. Even though Asians are the most considerable minority group, but are still being excluded from research, the media and mental health. Adding on, in mental health research, there exists selection bias where they randomly select people who are almost in good condition and are rich or middle class and tend to forget that there is diversity in the whole world. Apart from that, in Asian cultures there lies discrimination and prejudice towards mental disorders because of the generation gap between parents and their offspring. In addition, in certain Asian countries for example,

Many people have tried to study the psychological differences between genders and found that there are very few. One such study, conducted by Janet Shibley Hyde, used meta-analysis to compare men’s and women’s reactions to certain social situations. Using the equation difference is equal to the mean score for males minus the mean score for women divided by the within-gender standard deviation, Shibley Hyde found that most differences were close to zero, difference was equal to or less than .1, and very few were large dissimilarities, where difference was above .66 (Shibley Hyde). She also found that differences varied according to social context.

Gender bias is the distortion of views and preferences based on the sex of a person. Biases are preformed based on what kind of surroundings a person grows up in and their personal experiences. This bias exists in everyone’s mind and subconsciously make people act and react in different ways based on stereotypes rather than reality (Rhonda. E, Dugan, 2008). Everyone has different views on male masculinity. Even in this day and age where there are equal rights for both sexes there is a patriarchal view about men in society, where they are classed as the stronger sex which has led to the belief that male to female aggression is more serious than female to male aggrrssion (Drijber et al, 2013). Sexual assaults and DV are disproportionately considered as women centric problems. Surveys conducted reports victims in rape cases are 90% women, one in four women are a victim of intimate partner violence and 44% lesbian women and 61% bisexual women have been subjected to physical abuse by a partner or sexual abuse. (Bureau of Justice Satistics and the centres of Disease control and prevention (CDC). These facts combined with preformed notions