Article 1:
The News Media and Psychological Distress in Anxiety, Stress, and Coping Vol. 14
By: M.E. McNaughton-Cassill
Introduction:
According to McNaughton-Cassill (2000), the impact of news media in relationship to negative emotional responses such as stress and anxiety are explored in this study. It seeks to improve upon existing models of the relationships between media exposure and emotional responses.
In McNaughton-Cassil’s study, three hypotheses are proposed. The first hypothesis suggests that there will be a direct correlation among news media exposure, anxiety, and depression. A second hypothesis suggests that increased anxiety and depression will be contingent on propagation of pessimism and irrational beliefs. The third and final
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According to Madan et al.(2013), they hypothesized that movie violence would be correlated with increased vital readings, e.g., blood pressure and heart rate. Moreover, Madan et al., hypothesized that “effects would be attenuated with higher levels of previous exposure…”
Methods:
The independent variable in this study is violent media exposure (Madan et al., 2013). Prior media exposure data (habitually) were collected with two items concerning time spent watching TV and news. Participants were asked ‘how many hours per week do you spend watching TV/Movies?’A 6-point scale was used to assess viewership from ‘no times per week’ to ‘15 or more hours per week.’
The dependent variable in this study, anxiety, was assessed using a ‘20-Item State Anxiety scale from the State-Anxiety Inventory’ (Madan et al., 2013). This scale is used to measure a baseline (before exposure) and after exposure, from which the “change” can be determined (Madan et al.,
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A study of Television Viewing and Videogaming in Journal of Media Psychology
By: Asja Maas, Klara Maria Klöpper, Friederike Michel, and Arnold Lohaus
Introduction:
According to Maas et al., the primary goal of this study was to assess effects on cognitive performance in relation to the amount of TV/video game viewing.
Researchers, Maas et al., proposed the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1 (H1) suggests that high-arousing contents lead to poorer cognitive performance, in contrast with low arousing contents. (H2) interestingly proposes that the effects described in (H1) will affect the performance of males less. (H3) proposes that the measured cognitive performance is “mediated through subjective experienced stress (Maas et al., 2011).
Methods:
The independent variable in this study is, as in the aforementioned studies, media exposure (Maas et al., 2011). According to Maas et al., “High-arousing material, such as Doom (by Id Software, 2004) was used as a controlled variable. Low-arousing material, such as Professional Tennis (by Astragon Software, 2004) was used. Participants were asked to rate their subjective stress experience on a scale from 0 to 10.” This initial scale was used as a “litmus test” by the researchers to confirm the placement of the material under the specific
This analysis persists of key points, about The article “Stress and the brain by Janet Elder”. The author forged an excellent informative piece to educate the reader on the effects of stress on the brain. The author states that “Stress can be both good and bad. It is part of life, and your brain and body respond to it”. The author clarifies that, "Whether stress is harmful or helpful depends on the amount of stress, how severe it is, and how long it lasts".
There is a range of environmental and individual factors that influence the emotional reaction to subjective strain. The potential utility of distinguishing between subjective strain and the emotional reaction to strain is highlighted by Broidy and Agnew (1997). They argued that males and females often differ in their emotional reaction to subjective strains. Although both males and females may experience anger, the anger of females is more likely to be accompanied by feelings of guilt, depression, and
Social factors like media propaganda and conformity have prevented me from answering the survey questions rationally. In the aftermath of the tragic event in France on November 13th, there was extensive media coverage on the incident, and the likelihood for future terrorist attack became the hottest topic amongst my family and friends. The media often portrays itself as an objectively neutral source of information, and by doing so they are able to persuade their viewers more effectively. Furthermore, the effectiveness of media propaganda drastically increases if emotional appeals are incorporated in the messages. This can be observed in a study which shows that smokers who got frightened when watching a film on the dangers of smoking, were more likely to quit smoking, and in this case, the media is making use of my fear (Leventhal 1970). Different forms of media, e.g. news on television, newspaper, online news articles, and talk shows, all painted the Syrian refugees as potential threats to our safety. For example, in one article, a journalist discusses the potential danger we would be in if terrorists were to pose as Syrian refugees and
The media is an important part of our daily lives. It shapes and molds the lens through which we see the world. It controls everything you see, read, and hear. Media also determines what is said, who said it, how it can be said, and who can hear it. The news for a lot of Americans calls them into action. Depending on what is being discussed it can really sway your emotions. The News can make you happy as well as make you sad or angry. Contrary to popular belief manipulation does not require a device or hypnotism; we are being brainwashed right before our eyes. Television is that most sophisticated media of worldwide communication and viewers are completely susceptible to the media molding their opinions and attitude; as well as influencing what is acceptable and what is not. There is an unconscious “groupthink” mentality that taints news coverage and allows only one side of a debate to receive a fair hearing. When that happens, the truth suffers. In this essay, I will discuss the types of bias and manipulation, how it affects us, and the ways to prevent it.
Carnagey, N. L., Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2007). The effect of video game violence on physiological. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 489-496. Retrieved from www.sciencediet.com
From the time you wake up to the time you go back to sleep, the media is always surrounding you. Whether it’s your phone, your television, your magazines,
Everyone is influenced and shaped by society. Society affects our perceptions, our consciousness, and our actions. A majority of the influence, especially on the younger demographic comes through the media; specifically through television. It is important to examine how violence in the media develops a pervasive cultural environment that cultivates a heightened state of insecurity, exaggerated perceptions of risk and danger, and a fear-driven propensity for hard-line political solutions to social problems. The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the impact of television and media violence, as well as the human cost of violent media, and the overall effects on society from watching TV.
Another result of how media affects a person is depression. Depression is an intense feeling of sadness that occurs. Many people just say that it's a mental factor, but it can begin when something like losing family happens. Depression can affect how you act and think causing a person to possibly have struggles doing everyday normal things. Symptoms of depression includes: isolation, thoughts of suicide, self hate, and change in appetite also leading to weight loss of weight gain. ( )
Media serves as a dictator, almost forcing society to shape around the brainwashing effect of advertisement. Society shields itself behind a thin wall they call individualism. They promote everyone being individuals and thinking for themselves when in reality, it’s the media who is lurking over the shoulder of society, whispering the rights and wrongs in the way we think and act. It’s the effect of media on society that sets that rulebook for what is considered the “well-being” of a person, both physically and emotionally. Ethan Watters supports this idea through his narrative, “The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan” (512-532). He explains how Western society has been imposing on the culture of
In Brad Bushman’s and Rowell Huesmann’s Article Short-term and Long-term Effects of Violent Media on Aggression in Children and Adults from the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine journal, they believe the violent media in video games, tv shows, music, and movies, are affecting behavior in children and adults. Bushman and Huesmann believe that all the violence that has made a more popular appearance in today’s culture is causing for adults and children to be more prone to aggression. They hypothesized that the long-term effects would be greater in children and the short-term effects would be greater in adults, and discovered their hypotheses to be correct. Other articles, such as Beth Stein’s If Violent Video Games are Harmless Fun,
While it is hard to believe that anything that is so informative could be doing any harm, all of this media exposure is beginning to take a toll on the people of the United States. The attitudes of the American people are changing, and it might be for the worst. There is no arguing that the media started out as something that was innocent and informative. Nonetheless, in today’s world, almost all forms of media have shifted their focus to more cynical things. The media that reaches people is filled with horror stories of the world around them. Not only this, but the media is constantly changing the way that people feel about themselves. There is no question that the media is beginning to have a negative effect on the values and actions of the American people.
In order to test this hypothesis, three human subjects were subjected to various mental activities in the form of quizzes of increasing difficulty (low, medium, and high stress). Before the experiment, each test subject was given a pre-survey to fill out. The answers each subject gave in their pre-survey allowed us to explain or understand any anonymous data that was obtained. The pre-survey asked questions about the subject’s lifestyle, such as how many hours a week they work, study, or sleep. The subjects were asked if they often exercise, solve puzzles, or if they have test anxiety. We also asked each subject to rank their average stress level, their current stress level, and how often they meditate or partake in de-stressing activities.
The mass media is a vehicle for delivering information and to entertain. But implications that the media do more harm than good concerning its practices and its effects on the public. The two main categories of mass media are print media and electronic media. Although they overlap in some areas, they differ mostly in the subject matter they cover and in their delivery methods. Research had been conducted in using both these forms to gauge the impact that each one has on the public. Print media tends to be more factual based whereas electronic media tend to focus more on visual aids to help relay the information. The public’s fear of crime has an impact on the public agenda of policy makers. Fear of crime not only affects individual but may
Some of the information retrieved from the media may cause individuals to have a negative outlook. For example so individuals who constantly view violent news segments may believe the world is a violent place
Due to violence on television, children become less sensitive to that pain and suffering of others or to become more aggressive to others. It also makes children more fearful to the world around them. (Abelard 1) Viewing habits of children observed for many decades deduced that violence on TV is associated with aggressive behavior, more than poverty, race, or parental behavior. It also reported that a TV show contains about 20 acts of violence an hour.