Psychology Chapter 4

Furthermore, Physiological and emotional responsiveness describes how two separate events occurring simultaneously or close together in time may result in a conditioned physiological reaction, which may occur when only one of the stimulus is present (Bandura, 1977). The sounds and events that occurred during Kampuschs time in captivity were closely paired to physical violence, hunger and loneliness that even after she escaped she still described feeling like the outside world brought no relief, evidence of conditioned physiological reactions. Supportive of the explanation of social learning theory Barber and Hahn (1964) found that when individuals were aware of events, which proceeded distress, the events had the ability to create fear-arousing thoughts, these fear arousing thought had the ability to result in physiological reactions similar to those of actual fearful events (Cuthbert et al.,

In chapter 8 of Handbook of Emotions, The Evolutionary Psychology of the Emotions and Their Relationship to Internal Regulatory Variables, Tooby & Cosmides (2008) thoroughly discuss the theories of how emotions came to be. The overall conclusion is that emotions did not inadvertently occur, but instead were specifically designed and evolved to solve distinct issues that would affect the probability of fitness. Emotions evolved to utilize physical responses based on environmental cues in order to promote the individual’s overall success.

Nice post Garrick, It’s interesting to see how our thought motive our emotions and behaviors to react as a response in a good or bad way. When reading and learning about Cognitive therapy I discovered that there’s various disorder that comes along with cognitive distortion which may ignite or cause fuel by a person beliefs of the world causing an individual’s to respond in q erratic state. If there are signs of weakness, distortion, and biasedness the individual has a greater chance to have a disorder. In addition, a person with maladaptive responses may change by modifying their cognitive process. Although, an individual underlying may be cognitive schema or the common ground, and their beliefs pertains to themselves those beliefs may cause

Depending on the type of trauma and the level of severity experienced, it can be extremely difficult to identify your triggers. “Due to the way traumatic memories are stored, when something arises in the present that reminds you of a past event, you may feel the feelings associated with that event. These are more commonly known as triggers” (113 I can’t get over it.) After my accident I was in the hospital for several weeks. When it was finally time to head home, I discovered that the sight of my mother’s car gave me a slightly nauseous feeling. Even after sitting in the car for several minutes the feeling did not cease. My mom suggested rolling down the window and trying to get some fresh air. However the feeling of the wind in my face only made me feel more sick. At the very first light we turned left, and the movement sent me

Share your opinion on whether the maximum volume of these devices should be regulated. In my opinion, regulating excessive loud of noise can be positive outcome of hearing loss. According to “The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recommended that all worker exposures to noise should be controlled below a level equivalent to 85 dBA for eight hours to minimize occupational noise induced hearing loss.”

There are so many things in our society that can potentially trigger acute or post-traumatic stress disorder it can be hard to list them all. What is considered "traumatic" completely depends on the person, how well they cope with stress and their personality. A lot of the children that I work with suffer from PTSD due to severe physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and neglect. Combat is a big one, many people have heard of soldiers coming home and having severe flashbacks, nightmares and anxiety causing them to develop PTSD. People who are in psychiatric hospitals with PTSD also have the potential for being re-traumatized. For example, a person suffering from schizophrenia is hearing voices and becomes physically aggressive so they are put

If uncontrollable events are experienced with a sense of fear, hopelessness, or horror for extreme periods of time, a person cannot “snap back.” Some of the most common causes are actual or threatened death, either the death of others or the perceived inevibility of your own death. A feeling of vulnerability towards ones physical integrity can cause extreme stress eventually developing into PTSD. Learning of the unexpected death of a family member or friend can also have devastating effects to a person’s mental health. The surprise of the death seems to have a much greater affect on a person than does a death that seems imminent. A very confusing point in today’s study of the disorder is why some experience PTSD while others, who in the same situation, do not. Some theories for this phenomenon are a person’s inherited predisposition to mental illnesses, a person’s temperament, or the regulation of chemicals and hormones by the brain in response to stress. (Post-traumatic 2009)

In some cases, however, a trigger can in fact be pinpointed. The most common causes are environmental elements including chlorine, car exhaust, cleaning solutions, cigarette smoke, latex, perfume, smog, hair spray, wood dust, and laundry detergents. Likewise, various medications such as antidepressants, NSAIDs, tranquilizers, ACE inhibitors, and oral contraceptives have been

Events in modern society that might trigger acute and post-traumatic stress disorders could be serving in the military and being deployed, domestic abuse, rape, or a near death experience. Many soldiers come back from serving our country, after being deployed and are diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder. I cannot even being to imagine the things they have seen when in battle or the living circumstances they endured during their deployment. Some of these men and women have had to bury their closest friends, have even lost those friends, or have been injured while protecting our freedom. Domestic abuse and rape are both traumatic events that can cause physical and emotional damage that can take time to deal with and confront. While dealing

Introduction to Psychology While reading chapter one of my psychology book, I have learned that Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Psychologist has to take a various steps to fully understand a person’s problem or situation. For example, if a psychologists wants to know why males does a particular thing differently from a female, the psychologist will have to first research the problem or situation, secondly he or she will have to collect and analyze data, then draw a conclusion and lastly the psychologist will have to communicate the results. Psychologists are able to tell or predict a person’s next move just by understanding how a person thinks. Psychologist will not be able to effectively do his or her

Here´s an example; if someone treats you badly and your first reaction is to lash out with an equally negative response, stop for a moment and ask yourself: What else could be behind this?

Small things can be the catalyst for these triggers, forcing us to make decisions in haste that we would not have rationally made if we felt more in control. The attacks can affect relationships, work/business, and our ability to spend quality relaxing time.

The triggers are the situations that can bring on a seizure in some people with epilepsy. Some people's seizures are bought on by certain situations. Triggers can differ from person to person, but common triggers include tiredness and lack of sleep, stress, alcohol, and not taking medication. For some people, if they know what triggers their seizures, they may be able to avoid these triggers and so lessen the chances of having a seizure.

Its main goal is to incorporate these various viewpoints in a more complete picture of any given behavior or mental process. The example we discussed, and the example in the textbook, for this chapter was the biopsychosocial approach for behavior or mental process. The approach consisted of the three different levels of analysis, with nature selection in biological influences, learned fears in psychological influences, and presence of others in social-cultural influences, among others in each level (Myers, 2014). We will be analyzing the biopsychosocial approach for all other chapters in the

The assignment prompt gives the impression that the student has a considerable amount of freedom in choosing the subject of their paper and also how to organize as long as they satisfy the requirements laid out in the prompt. The requirement of a 10-15 page paper implies that good writing in the psychology field (or the other social sciences) cannot just be simple statements but rather more in depth and nuanced analysis. The prompt also asks for hypotheses to be laid out in the paper, which function as the thesis. It also calls for datasets to be used, which means that a good psychology writing will have quantitative data that will be analyzed throughout the paper. The prompt also specifically notes that the APA style of citation should be used, and good writing in any social science subject should follow the commonly used method of referencing in that field or what the class or professor require.