Psychology : Theories Of Personality

Burton, western & Kowaslki (2015) describes Personality as the enduring patterns of thought, feeling, motivation and behaviour that are expressed in different circumstances. In other words it can be defined as differences in characteristics in a person, including their way of thinking, likes, dislikes, sociability, openness, feelings and behaviour, which make them the person they are and differentiates them from others. All these traits when brought together is known to be the personality of that particular person.

I hereby will be focusing on Humanistic Perspectives by examining Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers’s theories. I will examine their theories, by starting with Carl Rogers’s theory then Abraham Maslow’s theory. I will also evaluate the human perspectives and apply Abraham Maslow’s theory to my own life.

Although the hierarchy of needs and Humanistic Psychology were innovative during it was and is still criticized today. One of such criticisms is self-actualization and that Maslow gave very ambiguous characteristics and examples of people he thought to be self-actualized. In addition, the hierarchy of needs is hard to prove scientifically. Self- actualization relies mostly on a person’s experience. Therefore, one can’t tell if an individual is self-actualized. However humanistic psychology changed the way human behavior was viewed during a time where behavioral psychology was more prevalent. This introduced a new way of

Humanistic theories emerged in 1950s. We have two types of humanistic theories, the first one is Person-centred theory by Carl Rogers which is based on how people see them-selves in relation to their personal experience and the second theory is Self-actualisation by Abraham Maslow which is based on the needs that motivate people. In this paper both theories will be described in detail and also they will be evaluated.

In psychology, there are four major theories of personality: psychodynamic, trait or five-factor model, humanistic, and social-cognitive. The psychodynamic theory primarily focuses on the role of the unconscious mind. The social cognitive theory focuses on the effect of the environment on behavior and is based on theories of learning. Whereas, the humanistic theory emphasizes conscious life experiences and choices. The trait or five-factor model focuses on characteristics themselves and not the roots of personality.

In discussing two of the chosen theories, I made my decision to choose Humanistic and Behaviorist. In the Humanistic Theory, people are often looked upon as to handling their lives and actions, and they have the freedom and will to change their attitudes and behavior. Two important humanistic theorists and psychologists were, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.

Abraham Maslow was an American theorist that was one of the advocates of humanistic psychology. He believed that self-actualization is “a situation that exists when a person is acting in accordance with his or her full potential” (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2011). I will illustrate the key concepts of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs of humans, research the methodologies of his concept, and address how self-actualization has conceptualized on this type of personality development. His contribution

This perspective assumes that we all thrive for personality growth, through mental processes and behaviors.. This perspective is different in its methodology compare to the biological approach, and the psychodynamic approach. Both these perspectives assume that human beings are controlled by internal or external forces. There are deterministic in nature. The humanistic perspective, promotes free will, and people can be, whatever, they envision themselves. This perspective was influence by humanists such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, who emphasizes on the importance of individual potentials.

Humanistic Perspective: Introduction: This essay discusses how the humanistic psychological perspective is reflected in Andy Andrews Common Reader, The Noticer. 2009. This psychological approach focuses on the positive aspects of what it means to be ‘human’ in a holistic and contextual manner. The humanistic approach adopts a subjective view of people and endorses the ides of self-uniqueness, free will, positive growth and fulfillment. The humanistic perspective traces its roots to ‘existential thought,’ prominent in the mid-20th Century and pioneered by the philosophies of the likes of Carl Rogers, Maslow, Pavlov and Watson.

Allport defines personality as ‘the dynamic organisation within the individual of those psychological systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment’ (Allport, 1937). An individual’s unique personality traits and attributes are a powerful indicator of how he/she will interact with the work environment. The difference between average and outstanding employees can often be solely personality related. As the employee is the most valuable asset to the company, ‘selecting the right employee during the process is critical’ (Carbery and Cross, 2013, pp. 41-53)

Looking at the basic aspects of humanistic theory, it is somewhat incompatible with the biological explanations of personality. According to the biological explanation of personality, the general idea of Maslow’s hierarchy is that everyone is born with specific needs. If people do not meet those base needs, they are unable to

Personality theories suggest explanations for behaviors and how to change them. Multiple personality theories exist however one of the most interesting is the theory of personality by Carl Rogers. Rogers writes, “the core of man’s nature is essentially positive” (1961, p.73). “Carl Ransom Rogers (January 8,1902- February 4, 1987) was an influential American psychologist who, along with Abraham Maslow founded the humanistic approach to psychology” (“Carl,” 2017, para. 1). Carl Rogers was an instrumental humanistic psychologist who received many awards including the first APA award for Distinguished Contributions to Applied Psychology in 1972 (“Carl,” 2017). Carl Rogers’ made many contributions to therapy

Speculations of identities have been contemplated for decades. The natural and humanistic methodologies to personality have each one gotten to be infamous in discovering the science behind demeanor. Abraham Maslow created the chain of command of goals as an issue of he didn 't accept that the procurement hypotheses sufficiently depicted the nature of human conduct. In breaking down every the organic and humanistic speculations, one will see wherever Maslow could are right in this supposition. the crucial impression of humanistic and organic hypotheses change extensively. There region unit some fundamental ideas driving humanistic exploratory order. Humanists have practical experience in this as opposed to survey the past or at the long run. Well individuals should assume liability for themself; regardless of the activities and every individual have characteristic cost. Indeed antagonistic activities don 't refute the value of the individual.

Theories of personality, ones that have both differences and similarities among each other, are of significance for they offer comprehensive information about human nature. From Freud’s psychoanalysis to Bandura’s modeling theory, these theories are not necessarily rigid and firm as they may not enable one to understand the personality development of all individuals from various backgrounds, whether ethnic or socioeconomic. Abraham Maslow, a psychologist considered to be the founder of the humanistic psychological approach, focuses on positive human qualities and although he had what is described as a “miserable” childhood, full of inferiority feelings and compensation, he claimed that as a society, we underestimate human nature (Schultz, 2013). To Maslow, personality development is based on the hierarchy of five innate needs, ones arranged from strongest (the need for self-actualization), largely, higher motives of altruism and morality to weakest, such as the physiological need for food.

I am going to explain in details the theories of human perspective by the two humanistic theorists, Carl Rogers (self- centred) and Abraham Maslow (self-actualization). They both maintain how things are is less important than the person`s subjective and the view of the world. I am going to explain each theory and evaluate it. Humanism is a psychological approach that emphasizes the study of the whole person and their potential. I am going to explain how belief can influence your behaviour more than realities.