Psychomotor Skills Development: Psychomotor Skills

To better understand learning, the research and experimentation was conducted by a student. The purpose of this study was to examine a novice learner performing a skill, in which improvement, retention, consistency, adaptability and stages of learning would be tested. The individual chose juggling three beanbags for the skill to be learned. The subject had to learn how to juggle three beanbags at once using both hands. Practice was completed in one way to keep consistency; this included throwing small beanbags standing up in the same room. Hypothesis of the experimenter suggested greatest improvement of skill in the beginning to middle of testing. Learning would be accomplished. An increase in practice time and

The way a child learns to develop a motor skill can depend on various factors. For example, a child’s ability to jump can be influenced by genetics and by nature. People might argue that genetics are more important in determining how high the child will be able to jump. While others might argue that jumping is mainly determined by how you teach and train a child to jump. This is an example of the nature versus nurture debate. Although genes may play a role in developing a child’s skills. This paper will discuss how nurture has more of an influence on how a child’s motor skills develop than nature. The main focus will be how nurture plays a greater role in developing skills such as writing, running, and writing. Nurtures influence on these skills will show how genetics are not as important in the development of motor skills.

5.2 fine motor skills by holding a bowl and spoon and start to mix the bowl with the spoon

There were many opportunities to observe Jackie’s physical and motor development. There are two types of motor development, fine and gross motor. Fine motor is described as “skills that require control of the small muscles of the body. Developing control of the hands and fingers enables the 3-year old to hold a crayon using her fingers rather than her fist, to build a tower of blocks, and to use scissors to cut paper ” (Levine and Munsch, 2016, p.255). Jackie demonstrated her fine motor skills while painting with a paintbrush, placing blocks into holes, and using her fingers to take a hat off. While painting using a paint brush Jackie used a fist grip. This means “When using a pencil or crayon, a young child will hold the item

As I encouraged my peers to carry out the skill that I had demonstrated, I had to bear in mind that many adult learners are self-conscious about trying new psychomotor skills as contended by De Tornyay & Thompson (1987). They worry about looking foolish and making errors. And therefore it is crucial that the learning environment is warm and accepting, inviting the learners to try things, take risks and experiment.

At a young age, without realizing it, I was developing my manual dexterity skills. Whether it was making lanyard and string bracelets for my friends at camp, drawing or painting to the Bob Ross instructional videos on YouTube, I always took great pride in my finished product. While in school, after various tryouts, I was asked to participate in travel basketball. Working as a team member not only helped me on the court and in developing my hand and eye coordination, but also in the work experience at Plainview Oral where teamwork is crucial when assisting with a

According to Ietswaart et al., (2011), “Due to cognitively demanding nature of mental practice, careful consideration in designing the intervention is given to facilitate the mental practice process, drawing on the cognitive neuroscience evidence base” (p.3). In this practice, demonstrating a wide range of sensory inputs and illustrative depiction of movement can trigger action simulation in the brain. For example, visual and auditory inputs facilitate accessing the content of motor images in conjunction with verbal information because language resonates with motor representations, and activation of motor areas can, therefore, be achieved through the verbal route. Likewise, the use of objects can be applied in mental practice because it enables visual perception of the objects to promote action. In fact, mental practice has shown to contain both the kinesthetic and the biomechanical constraints associated with the action, as well as the spatial coordinates of the action. Therefore, the visual imagery modality (i.e., “seeing” your hand move) can be used to characterize the spatial coordinates (i.e., distance and location), and the kinesthetic imagery modality (i.e., “feeling” your hand move) can be used to embody the biomechanical constraints. Following the rationale, both verbal and visual information can facilitate mental practice which can be achieved through the use of mental imagery scripts that are recited by the therapists while working on activities of daily living with the patients. These scripts describe the muscular sensations of the movements. For example, the therapist would have planned out an activity that requires the client to reach for a pen.

This paper is will focus on the influences of physical and cognitive development in adolescence from 12 to 18 years of age. This part of the developmental stage has many factors that affect the physical development as well as the cognitive development in adolescence. In addition to influences of physical and cognitive development this paper will also focus on the hereditary and environmental influences that make up this stage in life.

Motor skills involve movement of muscle in the body (John, 2009). These are larger movements such as crawling, running, and jumping (John, 2009). Most of the gross motor development occurs during childhood (John, 2009). Gross motor skills have two principals that determent how a child will regularly develop (Center of diseases Control and Prevention, 2016). Head to toe development this means the upper parts of the body will develop before the lower parts of the body (John, 2009). Children develop these skills throughout play (John, 2009). A tree year old Toddler can be very active therefore participating in activity that require movement, coordination, and balance can be beneficial to help a toddler to develop their motor skills (Jan, Beth & Melissa, 2012). A 3 year old child can throw a ball but catching it is more difficult. They start walking with good posture similar to an adult; they can also walk backwards (Jan, Beth & Melissa, 2012). A 3 year old can run which required strength and balance, during running they should be able to rotate their trunk and swing their arms (John, 2009). By the age of 3 a child walks up and down stairs alternating their feet without support which is possible because their balance has increase (John, 2009). A 3 year old child also learns to jump from a step and learn to jump forward (Center of diseases Control and Prevention, 2016). They start hopping at the age of 3 ½ and also can stand on one foot (Center of diseases Control and Prevention, 2016). Skipping requires sequencing and rhythm which makes it more difficult this include step and hop patterns.

The past weeks we have been learning how to juggle in class with three tennis balls. We were given the balls and were told to juggle with no instruction. However, there were a few people in the class that were able to juggle because they were taught at a younger age or already knew how to do so. We were trying to get through the three stages of motor learning, cognitive, associative, and automaticity stages.

As children progress through the early stages of their lives they will continually reach milestones that are somewhat of a tracker as to where they stand in their development, but at the same time it’s important to remember that even though there are suggested milestones as to a maturing task for a specific age and month, each child may mature differently than the next. One part of this progress that children will continually develop through in the early stages of their lives is motor skill development, which is the use of their larger and smaller muscles to perform adult like tasks. More specifically this development can be categorized into fine and

There are many physical advantages to gross motor skill development that play a role both in childhood and throughout the rest of that individual’s lifetime. Motor skills that are developed in infancy are essential steps to continue to build motor skills throughout childhood (Burns et al., 2017). In order to have the best physical potential to be able to carry out daily activities, gross motor skills are where this all begins. To have optimal function, an individual must learn how to control their movements with poise and rhythm.

These physical behaviours are learned through repetitive practice. A learner’s ability to perform these skills is based on precision, speed, distance, and technique. Learners’ general objectives would be to writes smoothly and legibly; accurately reproduces a picture, operates a computer skilfully,

Their theory consists of cognitive, associative, and autonomous development. The cognitive stage is characterized by the learner trying to figure out what needs to be done. When the basic movement pattern is acquired, the associative phase begins. This phase is subtler movement adjustments causing an outcome that is more reliable. After practicing, the autonomous stage will show seemingly effortless motions along with consistency (Cronin & Mandich: 2015). Max has improved his cognitive development by verbally naming red, blue, yellow, and green from his cardboard book of colors, saying three word sentences, singing parts of the alphabet, pointing at the pictures with his right index finger and repeating some of what his mother would

The cognitive development stage of attaining expertise is the first stage in which the individual develops what is call declarative encoding of the skill in which “a set of facts relevant to the skill is commit to memory” (Anderson, 2010). The learner will rehearse the facts as they perform the skills, for example, a child is learning to ride a bike he or she will rehearse the steps as the skill is perform. So the child will remember where the pedal is, learn how to hold to the handle, learn to balance, and learn to pedal and these steps become the set of problem-solving to ride the bike. Basically the child or learner is trying to figure out what needs to be done and the actions here are usually controlled in a conscious way. Learners also experiment with strategies in order to figure out the ones that work and the ones that does not. This knowledge that is acquired is in the declarative stage because the child’s performance cannot be called skilled. The child recalls facts about the skill of riding as he or she tries to ride the bike and pay attention in a step-by-step execution of the skill