In chapter 15 the topic that is being covered is therapies. Psychological disorders are able to be treated in two ways, with psychotherapy or biomedical therapy. Psychotherapy is based upon the assumption that psychological factors are playing an important role in psychological disorders and symptoms. Whereas, biomedical therapies are based upon the assumption that biological factors play an important roles in psychological disorders and symptoms.
Psychoanalysis is a type of therapy that was developed by Sigmund Freud and is based upon his theory of personality. Psychoanalytic techniques and processes include free association, resistance, dream interpretation, interpretation and transference. Short-term dynamic therapies are based on psychoanalytic
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Aspects of client-centered therapy include a client who directs the focus of therapy sessions and a therapist who is genuine, demonstrates unconditional positive regard, and communicates empathic understanding. Behavior therapy assumes that maladaptive behavior are learned and uses learning principles to directly change problem behaviors. Mary Cover Jones was the first behavior therapist, using the procedure counterconditioning to extinguish phobic behavior in a child. Classical conditioning principles are involved in the use of systematic desensitization. While, aversive conditioning is used to treat harmful behaviors such as smoking and alcohol addiction. The token economy represents the application operant conditioning to modify the behavior of groups of people who live in a hospital or other institution.
The cognitive therapies are based upon the assumption that psychological problems are caused by the maladaptive patterns of thinking. Rational-emotive therapy was developed by Albert Ellis. Cognitive therapy was developed by Aaron T. Beck. Cognitive- behavioral therapy is based upon the assumption that thoughts, moods and behaviors are functionally interrelated. Group therapy involves one or more therapists working with several people simultaneously. Family therapy focuses on the family rather than on the individual and is based on the assumption that the family is an interdependent
Psychoanalysis created by Sigmund Freud is much like Individual therapy in the sense that it will explore the past and how any past circumstances are effecting the now adult. This therapy will last as long as the client needs the support of the counselor and relies on the client’s full participation. In this form of therapy the counselor will participate in guiding the client thru the unconscious mind to and find how it may be contributing to thoughts and behaviors that are causing the client distress. Like analytical therapy psychoanalysis will cover a variety of issues including psychosexual, compulsive, and depressive disorders. According to Haggerty, J. (2006) “The essence of Freud’s theory is that sexual and aggressive energies originating in the id (or unconscious) are modulated by the ego, which is a set of functions that moderates between the id and external reality. Defense mechanisms are constructions of the ego that operate to minimize pain and to maintain psychic equilibrium. The superego, formed during latency (between age 5 and puberty), operates to control id drives
Behavioral therapies are based on the theory of classical conditioning. The premise is that all behavior is learned; faulty learning (i.e. conditioning) is the cause of abnormal behavior. Therefore the individual has to learn the correct or acceptable behavior. An important feature of behavioral therapy is its focus on current problems and behavior, and on attempts to remove behavior the patient finds troublesome. This contrasts greatly with psychodynamic therapy (re: Freud), where the focus is much more on trying to uncover unresolved conflicts from childhood (i.e. the cause of abnormal behavior). Examples of behavior therapy include: Systematic DesensitizationAversion TherapyFloodingThe theory of classical conditioning suggests a response is learned and repeated through immediate association. behavioral therapies based on classical conditioning aim to break the association between stimulus and undesired response (e.g. phobia, additional etc.). Behavioural therapy is focused on human behaviour and looks to eradicate unwanted or maladaptive behaviour. Typically this type of therapy is used for those with behavioural problems or mental health conditions that involve unwanted
(pg598) Other mental health professionals are clinical social workers, psychiatric nurses and also counselors. Moving on to talk about insight therapies, psychoanalysis is a type of insight therapy that recovers unconscious conflicts, motives, and produces techniques such as free association and transference. To uncover the unconscious therapists, use free association, where the clients express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur. They also use dream analysis, interpretation, resistance and transference, where clients unconsciously start relating to their therapists in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives. (pg601) Some other forms of insight therapies would be client-centered therapy and group therapy. Next, we have behavior therapies where therapists attempt to change a client’s behavior by applying the principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. (pg606) Systematic desensitization is a therapy used to reduce client’s anxiety responses. We then have aversion therapy in which aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undeniable
The psychoanalytic theory comes from along with the work of Sigmund Freud. Through his clinical work with patients struggling with mental disorder, Freud concerned believes that childhood experiences and unconscious desires influenced behavior.
I personally believe the ratio of people ending up with medication treatment rather than psychotherapy treatment is strictly related to the disorder an individual has. An individual with mild depression or anxiety may find psychotherapy successful, but an individual with major depression or schizophrenia might find medication treatment better. I also believe what Stephanie said about people in society wanting “quick fixes” true as well. I personally am a “quick fix” person. While I do not have a mental disorder, I find it easier to get a prescription for back pain instead of seeing a chiropractor over the span of a couple weeks to see if my back will naturally heal. I think the mismatch is so big between beliefs because in some people's opinion
Psychodynamic/Psychoanalysis considers what we do by motives that we as humans do without knowing. There are many treatments that can be done to help to get to know what goes on inside someone’s mind. Two examples of are Dream Analysis and the Rorschach Inkblot Test. These two methods of treatment both involve getting to know the person better.
In this paper, I will compare and contrast Group Therapy and Cognitive therapy, more specifically, dialectical behavioral therapy, and the differences between assessment types that clinicians use to determine a diagnosis and therapy that would best benefit their client. In the second part of my paper, I will discuss and address different considerations in which a therapist should make in order to provide a safe and effectively therapeutic environment. Though therapy is a largely utilized form of mental health treatment, the different theories, types, and approaches are not commonly known. Therapy itself holds a stigma, rendering its components widely unknown and avoided by a vast population. Throughout history and many different cultures, there have been many forms of psychological treatment, some more humane than others. The ancient view was generally found to be that abnormality usually had something to do with evil spirits and cursed individuals; “they viewed the human body as a battleground between external forces of good and evil . . . abnormal behavior was typically interpreted as a victory by evil spirits, and the cure was to force the demon from a victim’s body.” (pg. 8 of book) Later, in Greek and Roman times, it was widely believed that abnormal behavior was formed and caused by dysfunction of the human body itself. It is clear that therapy, and knowledge of psychology in general, has come a long way; from asylums to reformation and moral treatment, today’s
In this video, the therapist utilized Psychoanalytic Therapy. Psychoanalytic therapy is a foundational theory. As a counseling student, I have been influenced by psychoanalytic concepts in my therapy sessions in the current. A few concepts which are relevant in this video are the role of the past, resistance, the linkage between events, past events, current behavior, transference, and countertransference.
Applications of behaviorism began in 1950s, but behaviorism was already influential in the 1920s. There are two main assumptions. The first is that behavior is a product of learning. The second is what has been learned can be unlearned. Behavior therapy seems like a very efficient therapy compared to insight therapy. For example, Coon describes a situation in which a client named Jay who only wanted to break his shoplifting habits. Instead of going back into his past, the therapist simply applied techniques to correct his behavior. Some of these techniques include aversion therapy, desensitization, token economics, and other techniques. Desensitization is when a therapist reduces a clients’ anxiety responses through counter conditioning. It was devised by Joseph Wolpe and consists of 3 steps. The therapist trains clients in deep muscle relaxation, and client tries to work through hierarchy, learning to remain relaxed while imagining each
Cognitive therapy is one of the therapies that is from the larger category of cognitive-behavioral therapy. it is based on the cognitive ideology. this ideology reflects that feeling, behavior and thoughts are linked and that people have a better chance of overcoming difficulties and achieve the success by identifying and changing unhelpful or negative behaviors and thoughts, as well as distressing emotional
Psychotherapy is relate social mediation, normally given by a mental state gifted like a specialist, that utilizes any of a spread of particular mental systems. There square measure numerous primary sorts. mental component behavioral therapeutic guide (CBT) is utilized for an expansive sort of clutters, bolstered altering the examples of thought and conduct identified with a chose issue. There square measure differed styles of CBT therapeutic guide, and branches like persuasive conduct alteration. Therapy, tending to hidden psychic clashes and protections, has been a prevailing school of psychotherapy is still being used. Systemic treatment or family treatment is now and then utilized, tending to a system of connections and additionally people themselves. A few psychotherapies depend on a humanistic approach. A few treatments are for a particular issue just, for instance relational and social beat treatment. Psychological wellness experts frequently pick and pick methods, utilizing a diverse or integrative approach custom fitted to a specific issue and person. Much may rely on upon the remedial relationship, and there might be issues of trust, secrecy and engagement. Psychiatric drug is additionally generally used to treat mental disarranges. These are authorized psychoactive medications generally recommended by a therapist or family specialist. There are a few fundamental gatherings. Antidepressants are
Psychoanalytic theory is based on Sigmund Freud's theories on the development of the psyche. He proposed that humans are controlled
Psychoanalysis is the belief that we are blissfully unaware of circumstances that dictate ones emotions and behavior. Psychoanalytic school of thought looks at how these circumstances affect our patterns of thought, our identity, and emotions. The first therapy session the client and therapist team up build rapport this brings the client to reality of their condition and real aspects of their inner
Psychoanalytic therapy was the first major psychological therapy created by Sigmund Freud. Freud thought people could achieve healthier, less anxious living by releasing the energy they had previously devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts. The aim of Freud’s therapy was to bring patients repressed feelings into conscious awareness. By helping patients uncover hidden thoughts and feeling, the analyst could also give insight to the origins of their disorders. This new awareness could inspire them to take responsibility for their own growth. (411) Therapy techniques used included free association, dream analysis, and interpretation of instances of resistance and transference. Freud psychoanalytic therapy helped form the foundation for treating psychological disorders, mainly by influencing modern therapists working from the psychodynamic perspective.
Topic 2. Indicate and describe some of the major treatments for psychological disorders relating them to the theories from which they are derived.