Public Health Paper

Medical system in the world have defined Health in their own ways since time immemorial. Winslow (1920) defines public health as “ The science and art of preventing disease , prolonging life and promoting physical and mental efficiency through organised community effort for the sanitation of the environment , the control of communicable infections , the education of the individual in personal hygiene , the organisation medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease ”.

Public health is concerned with improving the health of population, rather than treating the diseases of individual patients. If a condition has been discovered -they want to make sure they live longer by promoting and preventing diseases and complications. Public health is everyone around you and the involvement of the community. If public health is really effective then it will also help the NHS save money.

This essay will compare the 19th, 20th and 21st century in relation to the main public health strategies used in United Kingdom. It will also compare the similarities and differences of the living conditions in towns and cities between the three named centuries above.

In this article I am going to describe the key features of public health strategies as they relate to current times in the UK.

Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals" (1920, C.E.A. Winslow). This therefore infers public health is the preventing and controlling of disease within communities, to prolong life and promote health through organised society. The keys aspects of public health …

No matter how strenuous it may be for an urban area to prevent an outbreak from occurring, it is still inevitable. Many organizations have tried to educate the population about the cause of diseases and how to prevent it. Although this method displays a decrease in certain diseases, it still occurs. However, instead of just attempting to prevent these diseases, a profound amount of cures have been discovered to treat it. Throughout multiple sources, such as online articles and lectures on the Industrial Revolution, it is unambiguous that the human race spreads disease through unsanitary environments, direct physical contact, and lack of knowledge, but society adapts to these situations and restrains the expansion of diseases by improved safety

The Advances in public health have been possible due to the contributions of people with ideals of change who decided to make a difference in their communities through the creation of innovative ideas capable of changing the lifestyle of a community. Public health is about helping people to stay healthy, and protecting them from that psychosocial factor that may affect their life and that is why the public health worker must have a passion for a change and for a better quality of life for their community. In the beginnings of public health there were two people who acted as agents of social change and they were Sara Josephine Baker and Clara Barton.

Imagine living in a time where the life expectancy is 30 years old and the infant mortality rates are 95% lower than today’s times. By understanding what public health is and the important role it plays in society, then can we promote a better quality of life. The history of Public Health over time shows vast progression and evolution throughout the centuries and has had a tremendous impact on the health of the communities. We use the history of events that took place in Chicago between 1834 and 2014 as an example of the evolution of public health. The events that took place in Chicago tell a story of how public health activities and responses have changed over the past 180 years.

Robert explains these ideas by firstly differentiating between the old public health model and the new public health model. The old public health model is a health model that is defined by the State that takes central authority in the decision making of the health care of the entire community. The main objective of the old public health model was to protect the health of the population and prevent transmittable diseases. Robert mentions that this health model was very successful and was a huge factor in the increased life expectancies over the past century and a half.

Public Health interventions and strategies changed greatly over time. During 19th and 20th century lead to concentrate on public health more closely due to epidemic battles of diseases and population growth. Epidemic outbreaks of typhoid, small pox, polio, influenza, cholera and other diseases caused city and public to awaken and educate on health information. (Chicago history case study, November 30, 2006, https://www.uic.edu/sph/prepare/courses/PHLearning/resources/chicagohistory.htm.). Sanitation, pasteurization, vaccinations were introduced along with board of public health department being introduced in government. (Rauner, Bruce. Public Health in Illinois. http://www.idph.state.il.us/timeline/history2000.htm). Mortality rate that

Public health is the science and structures intended to form communal, statewide and countrywide environments that encourage health, prevent illness and boost healthy activities across the whole inhabitants. Good health outcomes not only from appropriate healthcare but also from determinations to expertise and implement public strategies and programs to guard and advance the well-being of all people. Examples of public health struggles include teaching the community about better choices, avoiding disease epidemics and the spread of communicable diseases, safeguarding safe nutrition and water in populations, preparing for disaster, avoiding injury, and much more. Representatives have policy choices at their disposal that can encourage healthy activities and change circumstances whether social, financial, and ecological to increase the health of the entire inhabitants.

Public health services were established early in United States health history. The public health approach, in its ideal concept, deals with communities. The public health mission is to serve the community. The public health approach emphasizes prevention, though prevention in this context generally means preventing the occurrence of disease in individuals.

Public health was entirely unheard of before Ms. Wald. Instead of treating the sick and injured, Wald thought many problems could be prevented with education, the basis of public

Public health is commonly referred as the science and the art of preventing disease, promoting healthy practices and behaviors, ameliorating well being, and increasing lifespan (Turnock, 2012). While it has many commonalities with other fields that study the human body and behavior, microorganisms, or statistical values, the goal of public health is larger and it targets the entire population. It involves a deeper understanding of epidemiology, policies, health behaviors, environmental and iatrogenic factors, social and political aspects that assure a good outcome in health care.

The late 19th century saw an increase in the spread of infection and a radical change in the knowledge of disease causation. Some key contributions to public health are the Chadwick report in 1842 on “The Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population” of Great Britian and soon after in 1848 Public Health Act was introduced (Fee & Brown, 2005). At this time, public health was organized efforts with the primary purpose of improving sanitary conditions of towns. In 1854, British physician John Snow’s “Cholera Map” as a result of his investigation of the distribution of waterborne cholera in London led to the removal of the Broad Street pump. This study showed the impact of socio-environmental factors on health (Morris, 2007) and marked the beginning of the modern epidemiology and a shift from reliance on quarantine which was prominent in that time to proactive action to protect health and prevent diseases. In Canada, provinces passed public health acts, which was modeled after the UK Public Health Act of 1875, that required municipalities to appoint a permanent local board of health, medical officers of health and sanitary inspectors to deal with communicable diseases,