Public Health: The Role Of Community Health In Canada

In this assignment I am going to describe the origins of public health in the UK from the 19th century to the present day. I am also going to compare historical and current features of public health.

In the summer of 1854, London was coming out as one of the most modern cities in the world. With nearly 2.4 million people living in the area at the time, the city’s infrastructure itself was having a hard time providing for the basic needs of its residents. The biggest problem existing within the city at that time was its waste removal system, or for better terms, its lack of one. Human waste was piling up everywhere, from people houses to the rivers and drinking water. This situation was the perfect breeding conditions for a number of diseases, and towards the end of that summer, one of the most deadly of them all took over. It took the work of both a physician and a local minister in order to discover the mysterious cause of the

The 1831-32 outbreak had killed an estimated 21,882 and with a threat of another during the beginning of 1848 Parliament was forced to try and prevent an outbreak, therefore after several readings the Public Health Act was passed on the 31st August 1848. The population boom can be seen as the root of the problems that the cities faced during the 1840s. The effect of the cholera epidemics was not as large as diseases like tuberculosis and typhus but these were seen as ‘poor man’s’ diseases and were commonplace in industrial cities. The threat of cholera was one parliament could not ignore, pressure was coming both from within the towns but also from the industrialists, who were influential within politics due to their financial support of the big parties. Therefore, stopping another outbreak was one of the biggest needs of the

Public health may have remained a pool of disease was it not for the reforms made in the middle ages Though the town authorities tried their best, London was probably the most unsanitary town in England. Slowly, however, rules were made and enforced. In 1301 four women butchers were fined for throwing the blood and guts of slaughtered animals into the street. By 1370, 12 teams of 'muck' collectors combed the streets for animal and human excrement - money could be made out of it by selling it to local farmers (which helped further spread the various diseases…)

This essay will compare the 19th, 20th and 21st century in relation to the main public health strategies used in United Kingdom. It will also compare the similarities and differences of the living conditions in towns and cities between the three named centuries above.

He linked the common illness cholera to people whom drank from the wells. He observed those getting ill and which areas and pumps they drank from and recorded it on a map, he was then able to establish all those getting ill were in fact drinking from the same pump, and consequently in 1854 John Snow removed the handle of the Broad Street pump and ceased the epidemic of Cholera in Soho, London

The community I decided to research and compose this paper is one from which I live, Kent County Michigan. I gathered data from several different resources such as the Kent County Health Department and Michigan Department of Community Health in order to create a community assessment. The data I collected can be broken down into four different assessment pieces.

The ‘Close the Gap’ campaign is a health promotion initiative that focuses on the lifestyle and decisions of indigenous people in Australia as well as explaining how the Australian government needs to focus on closing the gap of poor health between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Through the ‘Close the Gap’ campaign it advocates the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter, which are of the following:

Community health is the process or characteristics that allow a community’s population and economy to survive. Community health is defined as the meeting of collective needs through identification of problems and

To understand the concept of population health, it is first important to understand what defines health. The World Health Organization defines health as “the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1946). This definition implies that the experience of health is a highly personal one and impacted by multiple factors both internal and external to the individual. Population, on the other hand, is defined by Caldwell (1996) as a “large mass of people constituting some kind of definable unit to which measurements pertain” (p.306). Multiple

The historical evolution of health promotion and disease prevention in the United States began in the eighteenth century. Back then Public health was limited to individual cities and it was focused on treating and protecting those in the cities from a disease that may have been brought in by travelers. The public health department would go around and inspect the ships and harbors in search of people who may be carrying a disease and they would quarantine them(Williams & Torren, 2008). Then in the nineteenth-century public health began to become more advanced. They discovered that poor sanitation was causing diseases. So they begin to focus on improving social and environmental conditions in the cities. These public health activities were mainly

Strengthening community action is instrumental in establishing positive health outcomes in young people. In strengthening community action, various support networks are put into place to not only prevent

Edwin Chadwick was a British official who significantly influenced the discussion about public health care in the 19th century. It was his personal believe that diseases were a direct result of the poor living conditions. In his Report into the Sanitary Conditions of the Laboring Population of Great Britain (1842) he revealed that the sewage and drainage systems in poverty areas were disorganized or not available. In many cases the water supply was provided by a shared pump at the end of the road which was unfiltered and therefore often polluted. In addition, the streets were rarely paved, which caused muddy streets and dirty water ponds. It was common that a group of households shared the same privy which was the ideal breeding ground for

Hillsborough County, Florida is the 4th largest county in Florida. It is comprised of 1,048 square miles of land and 24 square miles of inland water area for a total of 1,072 square miles located midway along the west coast of Florida. It has a diverse culture of people cohabitating in a large community. Assessing the community allows you to see a broader picture of diversity and layers of multicultural issues that affect the community as a whole.

Toronto in 1902 was a city on the cusp of transformation. It was a city marked, like many large Western cities by the high probability of death at a young age. At this time period life in large cities was characterized by many deaths due to infectious disease. According to the death records collected from the year 1902 to 1904 by the city of Toronto, 8.1% of the total population died from gastroenteritis or typhoid. For the purposes of comparison, it is important to note that the mortality burden of all infectious diseases at this time period was extremely high, with these cases making up to 41.3% of the total population mortality. There were numerous social conditions that affected this reality, and in this particular case study, had the power to either increase or decrease the mortality burdens of infectious disease. These social factors will be further studied in the paper, and they include, but are not limited to: housing, socioeconomic status, diet, age, water quality, waste management, hygiene, rapid industrialization, increased population growth, immigration, scientific advancements, increased classification and record keeping, and the role of government. The common thread between all of these realms and typhoid, is the focus of this paper: public health. It is because of the particularly high rate of infection and death due to typhoid and gastroenteritis that I have chosen to study this particular disease over other options present in the data sample. This paper