Public Opinion Review Paper

An adequate survey must be conducted. An adequate survey requires impartially worded questions, and a high participation percentage.

Shining the OutRiderr Spotlight on a Washington Post article from May 19th By John Woodrow Cox, Scott Clement and Theresa Vargas.

a. The sample size of this poll is 1,125 adults and was limited to those that reside in the United States. The margin of error is +/- 2.9 percentage points. Most political science research embraces the 95% level of confidence (Damore

I strongly agree with all of the statements that I stated above. If the surveys had only been composed of those questions, the results have been the same to me. Honestly I don't know why but these statement seems like common sense to me to strongly

The disadvantage is that the participants may not accurately or honestly answer the questions for fear of having socially unacceptable attitudes.

For the best range of participants and the east of analyzation, I chose to conduct an electronic survey. I posted the survey (publically) on Facebook. This allowed people from all over the country, from almost all sections of social-economic class, of a variety of ages and education experiences to take the survey privately without my influence pushing them into certain answers by accident, and (hopefully) eliminated their desire to please me. I offered no reward for this survey, and I ended up with six participants. I then had the computer randomly select three participants. This survey was designed to gauge people 's opinions on the effects of the BP oil spill on 2010.

What, in your opinion, are the most important rules to observe when creating a survey instrument? Why do you consider these to be the most important factors in survey construction?

The question will explain why the research is necessary and place the study in context, by drawing on the work already presented prior to research. When reporting how research is done describing it in detail is necessary to understand. Researchers should be able to describe the research tools used, if there is an existing tool used, by stating the psychometric components while providing references to the original development work. If a new tool was used, it should be included in the entire section describing the steps undertaken to develop and test the tool, including results of psychometric testing. Meanwhile, when reporting survey research there should be details describing how the sample are selected and how data is collected to include; how potential subjects were identified? Who approached the potential subjects? Where were potential subjects approached? How was informed consent obtained? How many participants agreed to participate? How did the participants who agreed to differ from those who did not agree? What were the response

The objective of this report was to analyse three polls each from different sources, to identify whether they were biased and unfair or unbiased and fair or perhaps a concoction of the two and if the location of the sources affected the reliability and accuracy of the poll. This was done by depicting it into a table with strengths and weaknesses of each of the three polls adjacent to each other. The findings showed all three of the polls were with biased and unfair or unbiased and fair, none of them were a mixture of the two. The sources of the polls did not influence the reliability and accuracy of the poll, rather it contradicted it. All the sources were reliable however the polls had some bias involved with either the wording or

The term “cause celebre” is a French phase that means a “famous case”. In other words, it is a legal case or controversy that excites and attracts nationwide public attention, heated debates and colossal public opinion. The birth of public opinion and of a new public sphere took place in the early decades of the 18th Century and can be contributed to the writing and reading of sensational courtroom literature commonly found in the immensely popular memoires judiciaries. Hot memoires and published trial briefs, found abundant in quantity, show anecdotal evidence for their popularity due to the number of times they were printed and cited by the public. Several texts also describe mob scenes that surrounded bookseller’s shops and lawyers’ house

Uniquely, Likert Scale response designs and surveys are a very compatible relationship. Specifically, through Likert Scale responses and survey techniques, an unbiased and informative feedback can be gathered and analyzed. Explicitly, surveyors can gain insight into the intricacies of issues, through careful design, appropriate population sampling, analysis, and reporting techniques.

Table 3 below presents the results for each of the main research constructs for the Cronbach’s alpha, mean, and standard deviation for each question. From this table, it is evident that the questions strongly relate to each construct measurement with all items scoring a greater than 0.8 Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The internal consistency of these items can be deemed reliable as researchers generally suggest that values above 0.7 are acceptable with values above 0.8 being preferable (Pallant, 2013). Because the reliability of these construct measurements was established, the later statistical analysis presented in this study can allow for valid generalizations to be extrapolated from the survey data.

Survey design can raise issues that can traverse the cultural and linguistic boundaries and influence the survey questions selection and procedure. These issues can become more pressing and critical especially when surveys are conducted in support of vital entities such as government policies, program evaluations, human rights investigations and government policies. Survey accommodation to certain cultures and languages is an issue of importance and significance. There are logical reasons for these issues as survey participants can interpret things and respond differently according to the question order effects, cultural and language background. Also, the participants` understanding of the survey construction, intention, data usage and assurance of their information, can influence the designer`s approach of questions construction and organization (Blair & Piccinino, 2005). The previous literature reviews shed the light on several aspects such as the survey design implications. The importance of the survey context becomes apparent when the researchers consider the situations where cultural and linguistic factors are involved. These factors can influence the design due to several reasons, Some researchers design the surveys from scratch for the purpose of using it in cultures and language settings, which are not their own.

In survey method research, participants answer questions administered through interviews or questionnaires. After participants answer the questions, researchers describe the responses given. In order for the survey to be both reliable and valid it is important that the questions are constructed properly. Questions should be written so they are clear and easy to comprehend.

De Vaus (2002) mentions that the value of surveys is in “that we collect information about the same variables or characteristics… and end up with a data grid… Since the same information is collected from each case the cases are directly comparable” (pg3). The technique used by the UNDP/GWP (2005) group did not address the same questions to every participant. Thus the extracted data is not strictly comparable. This also means the number of participants, 7515 or 0.05% of 15 million population, is misleading since not every participant answered each question, and the raw data did not include how many times each question was asked (UNDP/GWP, 2005). A study is only reliable if it is possible to replicate the evidence for the same situation (Simons, 2014, pg 76).