Public Policies Are Culturally Driven Summary

This is when the public has the chance to get involved in the policy making process.

Deborah Stone begins her book, Policy Paradox, by stating, “a theory of policy politics must start with a simple model of political society, just as economics starts with a simple model of economic society.” Deborah Stone examines two policy-making models to describe the paradox’s of the process model for public policy. The two models include: the market (rational model) and the Polis (community) model. Stone states she contrasts these two models to “illuminate some ways the market model distorts political life.” As discussed in class, the market model follows five steps:

| This quiz consist of 40 multiple choice questions. The first 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 4. The second 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 5. The third 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 6. The last 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 8. Be sure you are in the correct Chapter when you take the quiz.

Public policies are all of those things a government decides to do that ranges from taxation, defense, education, crime, health care, transportation, environment, civil rights, and working conditions.

Chapter one of American Public Policy, by B. Guy Peters, gives an in depth explanation of what American public policy is. The definition that Peters gives of Public policy is the” sum of government activities whether pursued directly or through agents, as those activities have an influence on the lives of citizens” (4). This definition of public policy can be categorized into three levels that will make differences in citizen’s lives. The first level is policy choices. This level is when, “decisions made by politicians, civil servants, or other granted authority that are directed toward using public power to affect the lives of the citizens” (4). All of these choices that are made by the president, congressman, or others can evolve into a

The National Government manage the education system. They are responsible for the education budget for the state system and to ensure that every child of school age receives an education, this is also enforced by local government. They govern the policies of what happens in school with regards to the curriculum. Any changes to be implemented are sent out for input by anyone associated with the education system before being made. Their aim is to educate children

In this paper I will be discussing how our class came to a consensus on our policy analysis framework. To understand what we are attempting to accomplish, you need to understand the denotation of policy analysis. Policy analysis is a technique used in public administration so individuals can evaluate and scrutinize policies. Policy analysis is not only limited to policy’s that are already enacted, policy analysis can be used to analyze perspective policy’s. There are already a handful of policy analysis frameworks available for use. These include: Chambers 2009, Gilbert and Terrell 2009, Popple and Leighninger 2004, and Dobelstein 2003. Many of the frameworks are heavily influenced by the work of Eveline Burns, who was prevalent in the 1940’s and 1950’s. While these frameworks would have been suitable to use for our analysis our class chose to create our own framework to help with analysis. In these next few paragraphs I will explain how and why we chose what we did.

Deborah Stone compares the market and polis models of policy making with the intent to show that the original origin of the public policy discipline was to be grounded in a practical science, economics, but to also show how and why the economic approach to policy making has significant limitations. Stone is arguing against the view that policy decision making is rational decision making. Deborah Stone’s main reason for comparing the two models of policy making is to identify and critique the simplistic assumptions that have been used in the market and rationality project. Stone is attempting to point out the paradox that exists between the two because the two models are evidently contradictory, the market being ground in rationality and the polis being based on emotion. Stone compares the two policies in order to show that economics cannot be solely used to understand policy making because the two are fundamentally different. She also points out that policy is made in a political society and because of this the polis model seeks to explain public policy as it actually happens in reality since the field and study of public policy was created to allow government to make decisions that would best benefit their citizens.

What is Public Policy? According to (Merriam-Webster 2015), Public Polices are the governing policies that cover citizens, and are policies that can allow the government to stop any action that is contrary to the public good.

In the wake of the collapse of the regime of the Colonels Konstantinos Karamanlis, who had fled Greece in 1963 following the electoral defeat of the National Radical Union and spent eleven years in self-imposed exile in Paris, was summoned back to the country and, on 24 July 1974, was sworn in as the first Prime Minister of the Third Hellenic Republic. For Karamanlis to set Greece on the road to democracy he first had to restore national unity, fractured as it had been by three decades of sociopolitical divisions between first-class citizens (ethnikofrones) and the so-called national miasmata. According to Peter Siani-Davies and Stefanos Katsikas ‘although he did not explicitly term it as such, his chosen vehicle for achieving this goal was

Public policy is a system of laws that the government created for the citizens in order to maintain order. Public policy should be fair for all the citizens, however, on many occasions it is hard to accommodate for all races and social classes such as lower, middle, and upper class.

At the beginning of this article, the author brings up the fields of policy studies, how to understand the policy making and how they

In the modern world safety is of paramount importance, especially from infectious diseases like the influenza virus. To try to combat the threat of becoming sick, vaccines are created; an example of one of such being the influenza vaccine. “The seasonal influenza (flu) vaccine is designed to protect against the three or four influenza viruses research indicates are most likely to spread and cause illness among people during the upcoming flu season. Flu viruses are constantly changing, so the vaccine composition is reviewed each year and updated as needed based on which influenza viruses are making people sick, the extent to which those viruses are spreading, and how well the previous season’s vaccine protects against those viruses,” (Centers

Rational choice theory is actually more than one theory per se, but the basic similarities among its variants mean that they can be intelligibly amalgamated for the purposes of critiquing its implementation in political science. Therefore public choice theory, positive political science, rational actor models, and the economic approach to politics, among others, refer to what we may call rational choice theory for the purposes of this essay. (See Green and Shapiro 1994, xi.

My difficult questions surround the doing and the reading of the policy process. There are three areas that I would like further explore: the role of citizen participation in the policy process, importance of critical and postmodern perspectives in understanding public policy, and the role of government.