Pulmonary Embolus Research Paper

The clinical picture of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is not similar from various aspect of its pathophysiological course presenting from minimal symptoms to variety of severity of disease like severe hypoxia, hypotension, right heart failure and death1. Massive pulmonary embolism is defined as obstruction of blood flow to a lobe or multiple segments of the lung, or for unstable hemodynamics, i.e. failure to maintain blood pressure without supportive measures.” This case highlights about aggressiveness of treatment and role of thrombolytic therapy for a severely hemodynamic unstable patient2.

Pulmonary hypertension is a lung disorder. The arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs become narrowed, making it very hard for the blood to get through the vessels, this then causes the pressure in the arteries to increase more than usual (high blood pressure). Scientists think that the procedure starts with injury to the layer of cells that line the small blood vessels of the lungs.

What findings would indicate that the patient is ready to have the chest tube removed?

To treat the DVT, the blood-thinning agent heparin will be injected daily to stop the clot getting bigger, help the clot dissolve in the body,

Mr. S was driving when he experience a stabbing chest and back pain for the first time. The pain was so severe he immediately went to his local ER. Pulmonary ventilation and perfusion (VQ) scan and Computed tomography angiography (CTA) was done at his local ER. VQ scan was negative for pulmonary embolism (PE). CTA of the chest revealed

Cerebral air embolism is a rare complication that can be induced by pulmonary barotrauma, the trauma of the chest or head and iatrogenic causes such as invasive procedures or surgery. This risk increases if the patient is on positive pressure ventilation and while the pressure in the airway increased.

A hemothorax is a collection of blood in the space between the chest wall and the lung. The medical term for this space is the pleural cavity. It is also called the pleural space. The most common cause for this condition is a chest injury. It can also happen from:

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood vessel in your lung becomes blocked by a blood clot that travels to your lungs from another part of your body, usually your leg.A pulmonary embolism can be fatal. So, it's important to be on the lookout for signs and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism and seek medical attention if they occur. A common complication that can occur after deep vein thrombosis is a condition known as postphlebitic syndrome, also called post thrombotic syndrome. This syndrome is used to describe multiple signs and symptoms like edema, leg pains, skin sores, and skin discoloration. This syndrome is caused by the damage to your veins from a blood clot. This damage lowers blood flow in the affected areas. The symptoms might not occur until a few years after the

DVT is associated with an increased risk for pulmonary embolism when above the knee (popliteal vein and above) 1

Anticoagulant therapy will started according to facility protocol. This therapy will decrease the blood’s ability to clot, and help to prevent the formation of new clots. Anticoagulants used will be warfarin, heparin, or coumadin. In facility therapy will be initiated via IV push according to facility protocol, with continuous monitoring of patient condition.

Pulmonary edema is excessive fluid in the lungs. The fluid accumulates in several air sacs in the lungs causing dyspnea. Heart problems can lead to pulmonary edema, but the accumulation of fluid can be caused by several things such as medications, injury to the chest cavity, among other things (Mayo Clinic Staff).

Clots that develop in the lower extremities are deep vein thrombosis (DVT), if the clot breaks off and journeys to an individual’s lungs, it is then classified as a pulmonary embolism (PE). If no treatment is received DVT can progress to adjacent veins. Venous thromboembolism is a term that incorporates PE and DVT. (Reyes, Grosse, & Grant, 2015)

Aneurysm Embolization is done in Interventional Radiology, by an Interventional Neuroradiologist. The radiologist uses guide wires, known as catheters to locate the aneurysm. Through the catheter a small coil can be placed into the aneurysm. With these coils the body will develop blood clots around them which prevent blood from entering the aneurysm. This eliminates the risk of rupturing aneurysms. There are many different types of stents that can be used for aneurysm embolization. Many of these stents depend on the type of aneurysm. A stent that’s commonly used is the Solitaire AB Stent. This stent is used for the treatment of wide-necked aneurysms in the brain as well as small intracranial aneurysms. Another type of embolization device that’s used is pipeline; this device is used for dissecting cerebral aneurysms.

Other times severe trauma can cause pulmonary edema such as blood in the lungs. Patients who are unresponsive for various reasons such as cardiac arrest, alcohol intoxication, or low blood sugar can aspirate stomach contents due to the loss of their ability to protect their own airway. Aspiration can severely impede the alveoli’s ability to exchange gases. The patient can suffocate if action is not taken promptly. The aspiration may also cause pneumonia or other types of infections that can be potentially deadly for the patient. This is one of the reasons why managing and controlling n unconscious patient’s airway is so crucial during pre-hospital care. Another critical respiratory emergency is a pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism can be caused by a blood clot, by an air bubble, by a large foreign body in the circulatory system such as a catheter shear, or in rare cases by amniotic fluid in pregnant females. Whatever the cause of the embolism, the results can have the same deadly consequences. Most blood clots that become pulmonary embolisms originate in the legs of patients with poor circulation of some type of leg

We review air embolism in the context of interventional radiology, although air embolism can also occur with barotrauma, lung biopsies and during surgical procedures, most