Pulse Oxymetry

2.7 Monitoring physiological measurements it´s important to make sure the individual health status and also necessary after surgery, as patients in intensive care units require continuous monitoring, and sometimes have medications that requires physical measurements taken. These are measurements we take to ensure that they are functioning in the way they are supposed to. When we carry out physiological measurements, such as measuring temperature, pulse and respiration, we are monitoring for signs of abnormality. Then be able to draw conclusions about the health status of the individual and any treatments they may

• Pulse Oximetry - Tests the percentage of oxygen in the blood. 95% or more is a normal level,

2. Which of the following terms refers to either a reduction in the quantity of hemoglobin or a reduction in the volume of red blood cells?

The results of my pulse rate, breathing rate and temperature before and after the exercise are down below.

When checking for orthostatic changes in vital signs the nurse should measure the serial blood pressure and take the pulse of a patient in the supine, sitting, and standing positions. The nurse should first start by placing the patient in the supine position and allowing the patient to rest for 2 to 3 minutes before taking the blood pressure. Next, the nurse should place the patient in the sitting position with their legs dangling off the side of the bed. Then the nurse should allow the patient to rest for 1 to 2 minutes before measuring the blood pressure once again. Lastly, the nurse should reposition the patient to the standing position and should allow 1 to 2 minutes of rest before proceeding to the last blood pressure measurement. Orthostatic changes in the patients pulse and blood pressure need to be monitored closely because they can indicate signs of dehydration concerning the gastrointestinal system. Usually while the patient is in the standing position the systolic blood pressure will decrease 10 mm Hg, and the diastolic blood pressure will increase a bit. Now, when the systolic blood pressure decreases by 20 mm Hg, the diastolic blood pressure decreases by 10 mm Hg or higher, and there could be no change in heart rate or there could be an increase in the heart rate of 20 beats/minute or higher while reposition from the supine position to the

His Pulse ox of 94% reading is on the lower side, but still in normal range which indicated that there is less oxygen perfusion.

J.) As Cari’s Pco2 and alkaline blood pH rose, how was the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin affected?

Poor blood flow to the area where the sensor is located. Low hemoglobin or red blood cell levels

The structure and colour of a red blood cell is come from the haemoglobin which consists of four folded chains of amino acids, this forms the sub groups which are smaller haem groups that are attached together. For each haem group there is an iron molecules which is in a ferrous state (Fe2+), there is 2 sub unit of Alpha (α) which consists of 141 amino acid and 2 sub unit of Beta (β) which consists of 146 amino acid. The haem group keeps the structure of the haemoglobin in place. When an oxygen (O2+) molecule is carried by the red blood cell, it forms a weak ionic bond with the Fe2+ molecule in the four haem group, this is then transported to the rest of the body. Haemoglobin and oxygen combine to form oxyhaemoglobin, this is the reason the blood cell is bright red, when the oxygen is transported to the region it is needed the blood turns back in to haemoglobin this is where its deoxygenated blood and it returns back to the heart then to the lungs where diffusion occurs (CO2) removed through the capillary wall and O2 is absorbed into the blood). Blood being unable to pick up 02 molecules would mean less oxygen will be able to be transported, which would mean that the heart would have to work much harder to transport the small amount of oxygen in the body, this

With attention to her heart issues, I checked her capillary refill on both fingers and toes for perfusion, her pulse (62 bpm) and her blood pressure (120/58). Additionally, when she was getting up I had her sit for a minute before standing to decrease the likelihood of orthostatic hypotension.

Upon finishing the danger, response and circulation components of the primary survey the next step is the assessment and maintenance of a patient’s airway. This is a crucial stage as a clear airway allows for air to move in and out of the lungs (Primary Survey Airway Evaluation, 2015). Patients in particular may have less ability to maintain their airway, including the tongue, or liquids

The auscultatory method involves the use of a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope to listen to Korotkoff sounds and determine the systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (Kapse & Patil, 2013). The mercury and aneroid sphygmomanometers are two types of devices that use auscultatory methods to measure blood pressure (Buchanan, 2009).

Investigating haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood samples using the haemoglobincyanide method and in foetal haemoglobin samples

This makes the hemoglobin a very good acceptor, when it’s traveling through the pulmonary capillaries and oxygen is diffused from the alveoli, which makes it really good at picking up the oxygen. So how does hemoglobin know to dump oxygen. It doesn’t have eyes or any type of GPS system that said. To illustrate this in more detail. When the body is in an active state the body generates a lot of carbon dioxide to muscle tissues, therefore oxygen will be needed in these surrounding capillary for example the quadriceps. How does the haemoglobin know to let go of oxygen there, it a by-product called allosteric inhibition which may sound fancy but the concepts actually pretty straight forward. Allosteric is often used in the context of enzymes, it means that things bind to other parts. “Allo” means other, therefore it is binds easily to other parts of the protein or the enzymes and enzymes are just protein this affects the ability of the protein or the enzyme to do what it normally does. Therefore, haemoglobin is allosterically inhibited by carbon dioxide and by protons, so carbon dioxide can bond to other parts of the haemoglobin, and so can protons. To demonstrate this point, if the body is in an acidic environment,

The purpose of the experiment is to see how different variables affect pulse rate and blood pressure.