Pupils With ASC

Autism is a mental disorder, present from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts. (Classroom-Assessment-Theory-into-Practice, 2012) One in 88 children are diagnosed with autism and the symptoms are usually noticed between the ages of 18 months and 5 years. Typically, autism affects individuals in 5 key areas: Communication (verbal and non-verbal), Social skills, Behaviors, Learning, and Medical issues. Because this disorder has a dramatic impact on a child 's ability to learn, it is imperative that teachers understand the conditions surrounding autism and know how to accommodate these students. (Classroom-Assessment-Theory-into-Practice, 2012) Teachers can understand more about a student with ASD and how to accommodate the student by doing different assessments. Assessments are an extremely important part of special education. Teachers need to make sure that the assessments given to their students is correct in everyway possible. It should be correct in what they are testing, meaning what the teacher or specialist want to know from the assessment, is the information that the assessment is giving the students correct, on how the assessment works, and all assessments must have validity and reliability. Assessments often include various tests, both standardized or criterion-referenced, but testing is not the only

“Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) formerly known as just Autism, is a disorder that affects about 1 in 68 children here in the United States.” (Facts about ASD) This is a pretty high prevalence and the number is continuing to rise. “Autism is a developmental disability that can cause significant impairments in behavioral, communication, and social aspects of everyday life.”(Facts about ASD). The intellectual functioning of individuals with ASD is among one of the biggest of all disabilities. The range can occur from moderate intellectual disabilities all the way up to super genius levels. However, most students function at average intelligence in all academic areas except for reading and math. The reason the name switch form Autism to ASD occurred is that now according to the DSM-V Asperger’s Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) are now disabilities that fall into the spectrum that is ASD. Diagnosis of Autism can be determined at age 2 with high reliability, but is not often discovered until the individual reaches school age and begins to fall behind their peers. It is critical that a parent goes and gets their child screened for developmental disabilities at the doctor at least every 9 months during their few first years of life, so that if they do have a disability early intervention strategies can be employed. ASD occurs in every racial and ethnic group,

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the fastest growing category in special education. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder generally diagnosed before the age of three. Its main factors include: repetitive stereotyped patterns of behavior, impairment in communication, and impairment in the area of social interaction (Heward, 1996). The DSM-IV “identifies ASD as part of a larger grouping, pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). According the DSM-IV-TR there are five subtypes of PDD: autistic disorder, Aspergcr 's syndrome (AS), childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), Rett 's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)” (Meadan, Halle, & Ebata, 2010).

“Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the name given to describe a wide range of behaviors amongst the autistic population. Children with autism are less able to interact with the world as other children do. Normally they have shortfalls in five key ranges: verbal, non-verbal correspondence, social mindfulness, and connections” (The New Talkers.com). This is one of the disorders that can either be recognized right away in a child, take a long time to diagnose, or might not even be noticeable; the lack of diagnosis can also become a negative issue in an autistic person’s life. Because this disorder is fairly common, and can be devastating should a child have ASD but remain undiagnosed, public schools should train their teachers and staff to recognize autism and its symptoms. There are many students that are being failed rather than receiving the help required to help these children succeed. Many in the general public as well are not informed of what autism is, and can be judgmental towards these kids without understanding why these kids act the way they do. Parents and specially teachers need to be educated about this disorder so that these children can grow up having a better future.

I don 't think people understand how unique children with Autism are or the demands of caring for a child with Autism is. In order to grasp the effect of this disability has on a child or their family it is important to understand the characteristics of a child living with Autism.

Wallace et al. (2016a) found robust deficits in flexibility, measured by the Shift subscale, and also deficits on the Metacognition Index which includes subscales such as Initiation, Working Memory, Plan/Organize, Task Monitoring, Organization of Material (Wallace et al., 2016a, p. 1071). These findings indicate executive impairments clearly have a negative impact on the real-world functioning of individuals with ASD. Intact executive function abilities are critical for adaptive functioning, however, Anderson et al. (2008) argues that neuropsychological tests alone are simply not enough to capture the impaired adaptive functioning associated with executive dysfunction.

Autism is a developmental disability that affects communication, social interaction and academic performance. Some students may exhibit repetitive actions or stereotyped movements, difficulty with changes in routines and unusual sensory responses. These characteristics may be mild to severe, depending on where the student is on the Autism spectrum. Cognitive disability is a characteristic for those who are higher on the Autism spectrum (Laz 2009, p. 6).

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the name for a group of developmental disorders. ASD includes a wide range, “a spectrum,” of symptoms, skills, and levels of disability. People with ASD often have these characteristics such as ongoing social problems that include difficulty communicating and interacting with others. Repetitive behaviors as well as limited interests or activities. Symptoms that typically are recognized in the first two years of life. Symptoms that hurt the individual’s ability to function socially, at school or work, or other areas of life. Some people are mildly impaired by their symptoms, while others are severely disabled. Treatments and services can improve a person’s symptoms and ability to function. In the presence of

I will use the information, that I have personally gained regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder(s) (ASD), student development, and language development, include understanding the identification signs of young children, the importance of pragmatic development in all students, and identifying twice exceptional students.

The planning process of executive functions can be hindered by frontal lobe damage. The frontal lobe is involved with all kinds of executive functions including planning .Carrying out a plan requires one to initiate, maintain, switch, and stop at the appropriate moment during a sequence of actions (Chayer & Freedman, 2001). The first problem in planning is the initiation of the tasks. People who can get past that then are required to understand when to do what task, sometimes maintaining one while executing another. It has often been observed in Ryan that multiple tasks require extra effort and sometimes seem impossible.

Executive functions (EF) are a subarea of neuropsychological functions and refer to a group of both unidimensional and multidimensional abilities that assist in “goal-oriented tasks involving problem solving” (Gioia & Isquith, 2004). EF is an “umbrella construct defined as the control, supervisory, or self-regulatory functions that organize and direct all cognitive activity, emotional response, and overt behavior” (Gioia and Isquith, 2004). Stuss and Benson (1986) describe EF in terms of a problem solving goal, in that EF is a set of abilities – including anticipation, goal selection, planning, monitoring, and use of feedback – that allow for intentional problem solving. Welsh and Pennington (1988), define EF in terms of a future goal, in that EF is the ability maintain a certain problem-solving mindset in order to obtain that goal.

A weakness in Executive Functioning skills is often identifies in the classroom. This maybe a student who does not sit in their seat or is always touching the person next to them. The student who can never find a paper or pencil. The student who does not hand in their homework because it was not written down. The student who has problems starting an assignment.

Over the years, more people are becoming aware of Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD. The growing number of individuals who are affected by ASD have been increasing over the years. This could be do to the new DSM development of what is considered ASD or simply more children are being born with ASD. Either way, ASD is more predominate in our society today. ASD is defined in the DSM 5 as having abnormal social aspects, lack of social skills, non-verbal communications skills, deficits in development, lack of understanding of relationships, and self-stimulation through repetitive behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Although these are not all of the symptoms caused by ASD

The quality of life for a child with autism in mainstream schools is definitely at odds with how the school itself is structured. Due to changes in educational policies over the last decade, there are increasing numbers of children with ASD that are being educated in a regular classroom setting. Many may deem this inclusion as being positive for those students, but there are faults that accompany these types of circumstances, the reason being that many schools do not have the capacity to keep pace with such changes in order to include children with ASD. Many teachers find it tough to merge the academic talents of students with autism with their often severe difficulties in interacting with others socially. Those who have been diagnosed with ASD have a preference for routine, consistency and low sensory stimulation, making tough seeing that they would be expected to deal with the noisy, busy and chaotic environment of mainstream schools (Humphrey, Symes 80).

Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders need to learn the academic and social skills that will prepare them for future jobs, just as typically developing students do. The term “Autism Spectrum Disorders,” or ASD, refers to a group of disorders with specific characteristics including deficits with communication and socialization, repetitive behaviors, and limited or restricted interests. As much as possible, students with this disorder are typically mainstreamed, or included in, general education classes to improve their social behaviors and communication. Mainstreaming students with autism has positive benefits for their peers as well. Depending on the severity, students may also benefit academically from inclusion. However, since