Purinex, Inc.

This step involves short and long term debt equity analysis. The proportion of equity capital depends on the possessing and additional funds will be raised. The choice of the source of funds the company has are the issue of shares and debentures, loans to be taken from banks and financial institutions and public deposits to be drawn in form of bonds. The choice will depend on relative merits and demerits of each source and period of financing. The management of the investment funds is key in allocating that the funds are going in the correct place. The profits that are made can be down in two ways dividend declaration which includes identifying the rate of dividends and retained profits in which the volume has to be decided which will depend upon expansion and diversification of the company. The management of cash is another important function. Cash is needed for all different aspects of the company such as payment of salaries, overhead and bills. All of these are important in a company and how successful the financial aspect is going to be.The financial management practices include capital structure decision, investment appraisal techniques, dividend policy, working capital management and financial performance assessment. A company needs to have well financial in order to be successful. “A company that sells well but has poor financial management can fail.” (Johnston)

Walnut Venture Associates are a group of angel investors. In 1997 the club had around a dozen individual investors, forming an “angel group”. Their primary targets are investments ranging from $250,000 to $1,000,000. This is due to the gap of capital funds initiated by the VC’s from not considering investments bellow $1 million. Also, angel investors can acquire significant equity at low cost, and help the growth of the company with their knowledge and expertise. By selecting only the most exceptional people and ideas, investments in startups can lead to massive returns on relatively small investments. As unexperienced entrepreneurs, they are a key resource to have in order to achieve quick growth, and secure the company’s early stages.

Operating cash flow was not enough to cover capital investments (this firm does not to appear to pay dividends as it does not show in the prior 3 years). The firm is financing it operations from the issuance of common stock. $23,082 was raised during the period, which is covering its investments in capital expenditures.

The company has an agreement with a bank that allows the company to borrow the exact amount needed at the beginning of each month. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month and for simplicity we will assume that interest is not compounded. At the end of the quarter, the company will pay the bank all of the accrued interest on the loan and as much of the loan as possible while still retaining at least $50,000 in cash.

Pharma Co. should account for the restructuring program in different ways for the U.K parent and to U.S.-based lender.

The agreement states Pharmagen will receive up to $500 million funding for R&D costs as they are incurred solely for the research efforts of a potential new drug “X”

Purinex is a drug discovery and development company based in Syracuse, New York. The company sought to commercialize therapeutic compounds based on Purine, which is useful in numerous biochemical processes and its intellectual portfolio of Purinex consists of more than 35 patents, pending and issued in the purine field. The company has a headcount of 14 and maintains a chemistry laboratory a few miles from its main office.

The company’s existing portfolio has high risk options. They have been funding companies that requires huge amount of capital which increases the company’s risk. Also it was mentioned in the case that firm is experiencing a “Resource Problem”. Members of investment firm had been part of inner

2. Forecast the firm’s financial statements for 2002 and 2003. What will be the external financing requirements of the firm in those years? Can the firm repay its loan within a reasonable period? In order to forecast the financial statements of 2002 and 2003, the following assumptions need to be made. The growth of sales is 15%, same as 2001, which is estimated by managers. The rate of production costs and expenses per sales is constant to 50%. Administration and selling expenses is the average of last 4 years. The depreciation is $7.8 million per year, which is calculated by $54.6 million divided by 7 years. Tax rate is 24.5%, which is provided. The dividend is $2 million per year only when the company makes profits. Therefore, we assume that there will be no dividend in 2003. Gross PPE will be $27.3 million (54.6/2) per year. We also assume there is no more long term debt, because any funds need in the case are short term debt, it keeps at $18.2 million. According to the forecast, Star River needs external financing approximately $94 million and $107 million in 2002 and 2003, respectively. In order to analysis if the company can repay the debt, we need to know the interest coverage ratio, current ratio and D/E ratio. The interest coverage ratios through the forecast were 1.23 and 0.87 respectively, which is the danger signal to the managers, because in 2003, the profits even not

Another issue is too much power is given to scientists in decision-making of candidate drugs. Also there were inadequacies and lack of communication between marketing and research. Merck’s marketing and research needed to realize that the making of the drug is not only the most important part in increasing sales, but it also included a strong advertising campaign that will satisfy the needs of the customers.

Spending $3 billion a year on research, Merck enjoyed a decade long span of unveiling new drugs on a regular basis (Lawrence & Weber, 2014). This was a major contributing factor to Merck’s ranking as the third largest pharmaceutical company in the world (Lawrence & Weber, 2014). In the 1980’s, 80% of the drug companies’ growth was attributed to drugs that addressed chronic, nonfatal conditions that affected a large population (Lawrence & Weber, 2014). These drugs, often referred to as blockbuster drugs, were usually taken by patients with health insurance which insured healthy sales and profits for the drug companies (Lawrence & Weber, 2014). Merck was in stiff competition with other drug manufacturers to create the next big blockbuster drug that would drive up profits. Coupled with that pressure was the amount of time involved in

The company currently faces serious financial challenges. It was struggling with declining sales and increasing costs. Since 2004, revenues had fallen by more than 40% while costs especially for employees health insurance, maintenance, and utilities climbed. Credits and loans had been borrowed to

Generally, firms can choose among various capital structures in order to maximize overall market value of the company. It is proposed however, that

company had experienced a shortage of cash and had found it necessary to increase its borrowing

Health care organisations do business on cash basis. They provide proper medical services to different people and they receive cash when operation ends and they don’t use any debt to finance their operating activities. The capital structure of this firm shows a zero inventory turnover and a huge amount of cash from the customers from which partially is used to pay current liabilities and the remaining is in the form of retain earning.