Puritan Oppression In The Conformist Society, By Nathaniel Hawthorne

Rummel gives an analysis of the history and development of Puritanism in New England during the 1600s. In simple words how the people had formed a society in order to reform England and separate church from government. Puritans had God as an almighty, they were known as people with strict education, solitary environment, and own beliefs such as their obsession with the devil, evil and good. Rummel states that even if Hawthorne mentions religion in his short stories most of it Puritanism, he still never recommended any particular opinion. The story is focused on Puritan elements and Hawthorne’s approach to it. Hawthorne uses religious phrases and elements that makes the reader analyze each several object, action, figure, and scenario in the story. That’s why Goodman Brown has too much conflict going on and is very detailed on what he feels and sees. The article is one great piece of information that supports the understanding of the Puritan religious mindset and Hawthorne’s attitude towards it. Of course into the interpretation of what might had happened in the story.

The setting took place at the time when the English immigrated to North America with the belief that the English church was not strict enough. Because the immigrants were extremely religious, they had formed a new church known as Puritan Christianity. In addition, the Puritans believed that there was no separation between the church and the justice system. One must follow the Ten Commandments strictly, or else they will be punished to the fullest extent of the law. The reverends or the judges, those who were responsible for resolving any legal matters, were said to be the ones pulling through God’s will. Ultimately, the punishments brought upon the accused were extreme, as they were either publicly whipped, had their ears removed, or were ordered to be hanged.

In the trial of Anne Hutchinson, we meet a well intentioned yet lost people described and labelled as the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Company. These self governing Puritans, once a people who sought God to set them on their way, settled only to be found as a people who simply lost their way. This journey to lost began when first motivated by a desire for religious reform and separation from the liturgy, ceremonies and practices of the Church of England. Once they banned together, they set on their way and traveled in groups to the New World. With the Word of God as their ultimate authority and the desire for a personal relationship with God, these people landed in Boston in 1630 united to self govern the newly founded Massachussets Bay Colony. Unfortunatly, this self rule resulted in a government of intolerance, fear and a liturgy not much different from what was once found in the Church of England. A system designed to set apart outward morality, or sanctification, to strengthen the authority of the Church only worked to neglect the place of true piety purposed to strengthen the spiritual lives of the people it served.

Concurrently, as the Puritans intended on maintaining their way of life within the New World, a key goal of theirs was to avoid bringing great harm to the natives they would encounter. The English had witnessed the abuse of natives during the Spanish conquests and the harsh religious demands placed among non-Catholics in the Spanish Inquisition. The torture and destruction of the native of life had been incredibly embarrassing upon the Spanish people, and in all obviousness, phenomenally painful and paralyzing to the natives themselves. These “Spanish Cruelties” were not only in great opposition to the Puritan beliefs, but as one knows, the last thing the Puritans wished to do would be to embarrass the great mother country of England.

Despite the fact that both Puritans and Quakers are Protestant Christians, the Quakers were unwelcome in the Puritan society of New England. A University of California at Los Angeles Ph. D. candidate in the Department of History, Carla Gardina Pestana provides an explanation as to why these Christians were frowned upon in the society. In her article “The City upon a Hill under Siege: The Puritan Perception of the Quaker Threat to Massachusetts Bay, 1656-1661”, Pestana gives a detailed analysis of why the Quakers beliefs were seen as a threat to the Puritan society.

Edmund S. Morgan’s writing depicts the Puritans in a respectful perspective. The Puritans’ beliefs are controversial purely due to the fact that they are strongly contrasting to shared beliefs today. Within the first concept Morgan introduces, the embodiment of Puritan ideology is expressed. Puritans claimed, “religion

The strictness of Puritan society makes an image of purity (especially for those in positions of authority) necessary for its citizens to be acceptable and to rise through the Puritan social strata, and it is this need for an image of purity that undoes Goodman Brown’s initiation from a spiritually immature, idealistic faith to a spiritually mature faith.

In Puritan society public punishment was a very powerful tool used by their theocracy. Hawthorne highlights the use of public punishment and its power in Puritan society in The Scarlet

Hawthorne was born on July 4, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. Salem, his hometown, has ever been the place where Puritanism forces are rampant and several generations of his ancestors are fanatic Puritans; therefore, the rich Puritanism thought from his family has deep-rooted effect on Hawthorne. Because Puritanism itself owns the complicated state that positivism and negativism are coexistent, Hawthorne has doubtful or religious attitude to Puritanism. Hawthorne is inclined to conservation in political thought, and holds pessimism for future. On one hand, he assails Puritan criminal behaviors such as religious fanaticism and impermissibility to heresy; on the other hand, he takes the religious basic creed as the criterion to cognition and judgment.” [2](P65) The contradictive mentality is typically and deeply represented in his masterpiece “The Scarlet Letter”. His family was of Puritan belief for generations and had been prominent in the area since colonial times. Hawthorne knew Bible very well and went to church frequently. When he was four, his father died on a voyage, but maternal relatives recognized his literary talent and financed his education. As a boy he went to the East Salem Church, which was described as “on the verge of Unitarism”. During his study in the Bowdin College, among his classmates were many of the important

This story again reinforces the severity of defying the supernatural, and the strong belief the puritans held in the actuality of a figurative God and Devil. This story repercussions the idea that there is nowhere to hide from these supernatural powers.

Many American writers have scrutinized religion through their works of literature, however none had the enthusiasm of Nathaniel Hawthorne. A handful of Hawthorne's works are clear critiques of seventeenth century Puritan society in New England. Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown and The Scarlet Letter illustrate his assessment by showing internal battles within characters, hypocrisy in religious figures, atypical punishment for crimes, and accenting women's roles in Puritan society. Firstly, Hawthorne's literature often stresses internal battles in main characters. In both Young Goodman Brown and The Scarlet Letter, these battles are

The Scarlet Letter is best known as a moral story about sin in the Puritan world. However, the story is truly a critique of Puritan morality, and even more widely, a critique of man-made religion. Nathaniel Hawthorne, whether knowingly or unknowingly, misrepresents Puritan piety. In Hawthorne’s view, Puritan morality contrasts human nature, and almost seems at war with it. The actions that are considered sins, and how the judgements and punishments are doled out, are far too rigid for humans.

Puritanical theocracy dictates the city, which is abundant in religious philosophy. Although it may seem plausible to assume that the defining scenes of the plot occur in Boston, the reader will quickly realize that the trend is much different. As Hawthorne plays with the settings of the text and arranges them in accordance to the events of the story, there is a clear trend that the reader will observe - scenes that happen in Boston tend to conform to the strict Puritanical code that is immoral, sickening and deteriorate the characters of the story by the heartbeat. Paired with a story of individuals and their constant struggle over good versus evil, the city, prevalent with individuals conformed to religious law, often interferes with or undermines the moral rights given to civilians as humans and tends to be cruel and unforgiving, similar to its theocracy. Such a trend originates in the very first scene of the story: Hester’s public punishment.

Imagine living in a city where the two most important items are a prison and a cemetary. Back then, many Puritans have strived to become the perfect Catholic; if they did not complete this objective, they would be sentenced in prison and possibly killed. This gloomy idea was also described in one of the most popular historical fictions ever written. A favored illustration of Gothic Romanticism, The Scarlet Letter, is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s critically acclaimed depiction of Puritan society. This consists of an exploration of isolation and hypocrisy through Hawthorne’s rich characters and their complex inner psychological turmoil.

Hawthorne shifts to beginning his tribute to “The Scarlet Letter” by describing the very location where the Puritans settled, in Boston, and how they regard individuals of other human traits and religious practices as inferior. At the same time, he lists elements of nature in regards to mayhem that threatens the very