Purpose Of Synthesis Lab Report

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

The two essays that I choose for the synthesis essay are Parkinson’s Alley by Joy Horowitz and The Environmental Issue from Hell: Global Warming Is the Great Moral Crisis of Our Time by Bill Mckibben. Parkinson’s Alley is about residents in California’s Central Valley town of Visalia who have been diagnosed with Parkinson’s. This part of California has the highest number of people diagnosed with the neurodegenerative disease. The pesticides that are used in the surrounding farms seeps into the water that the residents use every day, causing them to get the disease. The Environmental Issue from Hell: Global Warming Is the Great Moral Crisis of Our Time is about how global warming is a moral crisis that, if not combated

After 10 minutes the reaction liquid was separated from the solid using a vacuum filtration system and toluene. The product was stored and dried until week 2 of the experiment. The product was weighed to be 0.31 g. Percent yield was calculated to be 38.75%. IR spectra data was conducted for the two starting materials and of the product. Melting point determination was performed on the product and proton NMR spectrum was given. The IR spectrum revealed peaks at 1720 cm-1, which indicated the presence of a lactone group, and 1730 cm-1, representing a functional group of a carboxylic acid (C=O), and 3300cm-1, indicating the presence of an alcohol group (O-H). All three peaks correspond with the desired product. A second TLC using the same mobile and stationary phase as the first was performed and revealed Rf Values of 0.17 and 0.43for the product. The first value was unique to the product indicating that the Diels-Alder reaction was successful. The other Rf value of 0.43 matched that of maleic anhydride indicating some

This lab could have contained errors. The errors could have happened when performing the lab. Some of the possible errors in this lab are:

Lab Title: Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Displacement and Double Replacement Chemical Reactions Purpose: The objective of lab four was to use the website Late Nite Labs to determine types of chemical reactions. Combining and/or heating various compounds, observing the reactions and balancing equations for the chemicals involved, reveals the chemical reactions. Materials: A computer, Internet, calculator and access to Late Nite Labs.

Oil hypothesis = the water would probably change consistency, probably thicken up and change color

The products of interest within this experiment are 2-methyl-1-butene and 2-methyl-2-butene from sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid catalyzed dehydration of 2-methyl-2-butanol. The reaction mixture was then separated into its separate alkene components by steam distillation and then analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), Infrared Radiation (IR) spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) imaging. Gas chromatography is an analytical technique that is able to characterize if specific compounds exist in a reaction mixture, even if they are in low quantities, assess how much of a compound exists within a reaction mixture relative to other components within the sample, and determine the purity of an isolated product. In the case of this experiment, gas chromatography is used to analyze how pure the alkene reaction sample was and if any remnants of impurities or 2-methyl-2-butanol remained in the sample after isolation of alkene components.

Abstract: In this experiment the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides are investigated through reflux and simple distillation. These are common procedures used to separate substances. After the reflux and distillation is complete 13C NMR and IR spectrum is used to identify the product or products for each reaction: 1a, 1b, and 2. Every individual in the group was assigned either 1a (1-propanol) or 1b (2-pentanol), and 2 (1,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol). The purpose of this experiment was to understand and become familiar with the reaction mechanisms and be able to observe and compare the product or products for each of the reactions using 13C NMR and IR.

Methylene chloride is added to the flask with the diester. The seperatory funnel is attached to the flask with 1.0 M bromine inside. Bromine is added to ester mixture drop by drop until the solution stays a yellow color. After ten minutes a cyclohexene and methylene chloride mixture is added drop by drop to remove the excess bromine. Ester solution is placed on the rotary evaporator at 45°C. Ethanol was added to the product. Solution was cooled in an ice bath for thirty minutes and crystals began to form. Solution was vacuum filtered with a Hirsch funnel. The mass of the product was 0.47 g. MP 70.1-75.3°C The theoretical yield was .74 g. This makes the percent yield 64%. The expected melting point was 123-125°C. The diacid was not the product formed. With IR, HNMR, and CNMR data the identity of the final product was found. IR (neat) 2989.8 and 2955.7 (Sp3 C-H), 1785.8 (Lactone ester), 1735.8 (ester). 1H NMR (CDCL3) 5.073 ppm (d, 1H), 4.991 ppm (d, 1H), 4.637 ppm (d, 1H), 4.599 ppm (d, 1H), 3.764 ppm (s, 3H), 3.364 ppm ( m, 1H), 3.130 ppm (m,1H), 2.948 ppm (d, 1H), 2.558 ppm (m, 2H), 2.363 ppm ( m, 1H), 1.934 ppm (s, 1H), 1.728 ppm (s, 1H). 13C NMR (CDCL3) 177.037 ppm, 171.388 ppm, 88.171 ppm, 53.125 ppm, 50.270 ppm, 49.297 ppm, 49.328 ppm, 49.040 ppm, 41.317 ppm, 36.441

Discussion: The main scientific concept explored in this laboratory was the ability to observe the chemical reaction between Fe and Cu and to determine the ratio of moles of iron used to moles of copper produced in the reaction. A chemical reaction occurred when we used 4.06 grams of copper (II) chloride and mixed it with 9.43 grams of iron nails. The copper (II) chloride used 1.24 grams of iron from the nails to produce 1.99 grams of copper solid.

In the three experiments that we did we extracted dan from strawberries, E.coli, and wheat germ. In each of the experiments we had to open the nuclear envelope in some way with the strawberries we did this by freezing them so that the expanding water would break the nuclear envelope and allow the dan to be extracted. We also smashed them up to help facilitate in the breaking up of the cells. In the wheat germ we used a mortar and pestle to grind the wheat into a fine powder to release the dna.

The information above shows the results observed from the experiment. The unknown substance was first observed to be a white, powder that had no smell. When it was mixed with the water, it produced a clear odorless solution. The pH was taken immediately from the solution once it was mixed properly. The pH came out to a 10 on a 14 level scale. This indicated that the solution was a strong alkaline base. With this information, the list of possible solutions are narrowed down to only basic solutions. After dividing the solution into five test tubes, the first test was conducted. The first test was conducted using silver nitrate. The results shows a milky white precipitate. According to Doc Brown, an online informational website, by adding the

The purpose of this lab is to find the oxidation state of manganese for the synthesis of manganese (?) chloride, and to complete the naming of the compound. The discovery of the charge of manganese in the ionic compound will be used to further the analysis of the reaction. The lab requires performing the chemical reaction of synthesizing manganese metal and hydrochloric acid. The laboratory techniques required to find the oxidation state will include qualitative observation, collecting quantitative data, gravimetric analysis, unit conversions, and stoichiometry.

Introduction Safety is a vital component that must be present in all science labs in order to ensure full success for the lab as a whole and to keep good health. When performing labs, it is essential to be habitual to science safety manuals that vary upon lab location. The manual for secondary school students of Simcoe Country District School Board addresses significant responsibilities for students when conducting labs. One of the expectations is for students to wash their hands after working with chemicals.

The purpose of this experiment was to identify one ketone with Thin Layer Chromatography and one using NMR spectrometry. We will do this by making 2, 4 a DNPH derivative and checking the melting points.