Pyogenic Granuloma

An important thing we can discuss and take the time to learn is how periodontal disease can manifest in pregnant women versus just a normal person. The change in the hormone levels for a pregnant woman greatly affects the body because there is so much change going on from within. One of the first things to note is how the hormones estrogen and progesterone increase and cause the blood vessels of the gingival tissue to become more permeable (2011). We all know how quickly and easily disease can spread within the head and neck area. So when the permeability of these blood vessels are increased this then makes it easier for infectious bacteria to pass through them causing it to travel to the rest of the body. As we discuss the results of a few studies that were published we can keep in mind that periodontal disease does vary among each person within the study.

It¡¯s estimate that thirty percent of people with periodontal disease were genetically susceptible. Exposure may also play a role in contracting the disease. People have contracted it from their partners. Pregnancy plays a role as well because when women are pregnant their bodies are generally more susceptible. A pregnant woman¡¯s gums are also extremely sensitive. Other common contributing factors are stress, types of medications a person has taken (oral contraceptives and anti-depressants), diabetes, poor nutrition and bruxism (clenching and grinding your teeth). These factors can be changed or properly maintained in order to stop contributing to the periodontal disease. It is also important to note that these factors cannot be blamed for the main cause of this disease.

Bright red or dark red spots in the back area on the roof of the mouth near the throat.

As stated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, “Each year, more than 30,000 new cases of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx are diagnosed and over 8,000 deaths due to oral cancer occur.” (CDC). Most adults are unaware that they have periodontal disease or gum disease, this occurs because they do not maintain routine checkups with their dentist. When we insert food and other bacteria into our mouths, it affects our teeth and gums. We need routine dental checkups and cleanings throughout our lives. Dental checkups usually involve x-rays, cleanings, and the examination of the mouth.

This raises the question “Is dental work during pregnancy necessary? Is it safe?” The American Academy of Periodontology and the American Dental Association supports the maintenance of oral health during pregnancy (Wrzosek and Einarson, 2009). Steinberg, Hilton, Iida and Samelson (2013) also acknowledged the need for dental care, stating that it is safe. If dental treatment is indicated, why did Lee et al., (2010) find such discrepancy in perception among dentists? This essay will discuss the oral-systemic changes observed during pregnancy, its effects on dental treatments, considerations in cases of severe odontogenic infections and the effects of maternal periodontal status on fetus.

Modified mastectomy include removal of the entire breast (nipple, areola, the overlying skin, and the lining over the chest muscles), and most of the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes) Often, breast cancer spreads to these lymph nodes, thereby entering the lymphatic system and allowing the cancer to spread to other parts of the body. Removal of lymph nodes may affect the drainage of lymphatic fluid from the arm on the surgical side. Problems with lymphatic drainage may

Shortness of breath and sudden chest pain are the primary symptoms. The chest pain is typically localized to the affected side. Tiredness may also be a symptom.

The extensiveness of treatment for an ABC depends on the location, severity, and progression of the disease. Although the treatment spectrum ranges from minimally invasive to more invasive procedures, the standard of therapy is to resect the lesion and prevent it from returning in the future (Dhanasekaraprabu et al., 2013). However, complete resection is not always possible. For instance, it is difficult to completely remove lesion tissue from the proximal region of the metaphysis, and incomplete removal of the tissue leaves the patient susceptible to the development of another lesion at the site (Dormans et al., 2004). Cysts located at the proximal region of the femur are especially at an increased risk of recurrence (Mankin et al. 2005).

Recurrence rate was 1.9% (12 patients), in which all patient were retreated conservatively and had complete healing, none required surgical intervention.

2. Symptoms are a firm, red nodule that may bleed sometimes. A flat lesion with a scaly crust on your face, ears, neck, hands or arms

However other researchers may argue that periodontal disease can increase a mother’s rate of having preeclampsia (Paquette, 2006). In the study of “Periodontal disease and the risk for adverse pregnancy outcome” researchers look at the adverse effect of preeclampsia and the risk factors (Paquette, 2006). As studies have shown that inflammatory occurrences in paternal and fetal membranes happen in the course of normal deliveries but they seem higher for premature delivers and any other complication for pregnancy (Paquette, 2006). As there has been many observational studies that been done over the last decade (Paquette, 2006). There has been a persistent and substantial association with paternal exposure to periodontal disease that affect the

These disorders seem to be induced through the disruption of the homeostasis of collagen synthesis and degradation in gingival connective tissues.

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare condition with reported prevalence of one in 750,000.1 It is associated with either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance.7,8 When several members are affected, this suggests an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. It can present as an isolated disorder or more rarely as a syndrome component.2Gingival enlargement might also be attributed to several reasons, including inflammation, leukemic infiltration, and association with the use of medicines like phenytoin, cyclosporine, and nifedipine.12

Males represented 54% of the affected patients, and certain tumors showed a strong male predilection, like MEC (6/10), PLGA (2/2), Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) (5/8), Adenolymphoma (1/1); in contrast, some tumors such as PA (7/10), Acinic cell carcinoma (4/6) showed a female predilection. The mean age for malignant tumors in females (40.6 years) was lower than

Though specific subject selection criteria are not mentioned in the article, subject selection bias is not observed as cases reported in this article include both sexes, age range reported is broad from 31 to 70 years old the location and clinical appearance of each oral lesion were different. Author has reported and discussed each case and analyzed similarities and differences in all case reports. As per my opinion this study has following issues: