Chapter 8
SECTION 1
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1. Psychologists use the term _________ to refer to the ability to store and retrieve information over time. The process of acquiring and using knowledge is called ________.
a. learning; perception
b. memory; perception
c. learning; cognition
d. memory; cognition
Answer: d; Moderate
2. Psychologists use the term _________ to refer to the ability to store and retrieve information over time.
a. learning
b. memory
c. cognition
d. perception
Answer: c; Easy
3. The process of acquiring and using knowledge is called ________.
a. learning
b. cognition
c. sensation
d. perception
Answer: b; Easy
4. Which of the following scientists could be considered a cognitive psychologist?
a. Dr.
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Ms. Romero is discussing memory ______. Dr. Darby’s class is examining memory ________. Dr Eastwood is describing memory _________.
a. processes; types; stages
b. stages; processes; types c stages; types; processes
d. types; processes; stages
Answer: d; Difficult
14. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between explicit memory and episodic memory?
a. Explicit memory is one type of episodic memory.
b. Episodic memory is one type of explicit memory.
c. Explicit memory and episodic memory are two different memory stages.
d. Explicit memory and episodic memory are the same thing.
Answer: b; Moderate
15. Having done “21 for 21” shots the night before, Deanna barely remembers her 21st birthday. That is, her _________ memory is sketchy.
a. procedural
b. semantic
c. episodic
d. working
Answer: c
16. Cory knows that the capital of Vermont is Montpelier. This is an example of a(n) _______ memory.
a. semantic
b. explicit
c. procedural
d. both A and B
Answer: d; Difficult
17. Knowing how to serve a badminton birdie is an example of a (n) ________ memory.
a. episodic
b. semantic
c. procedural
d. explicit
Answer: c; Moderate
18. Ron moved from Alabama to Georgia ten years ago. “My fifth-grade teacher made us memorize the names of all the counties in Alabama,” Ron tells his friend Rory. Rory tests Ron by giving him a list of thirty counties – 15 Alabama counties, mixed in with 15 counties from other
Memory is divided into three categories. These categories consist of: sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory, out of these short term memory is the main focus in this essay. It has been widely researched due to interest of how much memory can be stored, how long this memory can be stored for and what information is memorised.
How is memory encoded and what methods can lead to greater recall? There have been many different models suggested for human memory and many different attempts at defining a specific method of encoding that will lead to greater recall. In this experiment subjects are asked to do a semantic task on a word related to them and an orthographic task in which they analyze the letter in the word. The results of the experiment indicate that the words which where encoded semantically and are related to the self have greater recall.
This had led psychologists within the approach to explain that memory is build up of three stages: encoding (where information is received), storage (where the information is held) and retrieval (where the information is recalled if necessary.)
Memory refers to the persistence of learning in a state that can be revealed at a later time (Squire, 1987). A memory is a network of neocortical neurons and the connections that link them. That network is formed by experience as a result of the concurrent activation of neuronal ensembles that
Memory refers to the processes that are used to acquire,store,retain and later retrive information. There are three major processes involved in memeory ; encoding,storage,retrieval.
Explicit memory is memory without conscious recollection-memory of skills and routine. Procedures that are preformed automatically (Santrock 219). Explicit memory helps with things like waking up, getting out of bed and putting on your slippers so your feet don’t feel the cold of the floor. Walking out of your room on the second floor and being able to walk down the hallway and to the left to reach the stairs and making it safely down to the first floor without having to turn the lights on. You know your house “like the palm of your hand” because you
Memory is a set of cognitive processes that allow us to remember past information (retrospective memory) and future obligations (prospective memory) so we can navigate our lives. The strength of our memory can be influenced by the connections we make through different cognitive faculties as well as by the amount of time we spend devoting to learning specific material across different points in time. New memories are created every time we remember specific event, which results in retrospective memories changing over time. Memory recall can be affected retrospectively such as seeing increased recall in the presence of contextual cues or false recall of information following leading questions. Memory also includes the process
Feldman (2011) further explains that explicit and implicit memories emerge at different rates and involve different parts of the brain. The earliest memories seem to be implicit, and they involve the cerebellum and the brain stem. The forerunner of explicit memory involves the hippocampus, but explicit memory does not emerge until the second half of the first year (p.152).
Question 12.12. (TCOs 7, 8) Evidence suggests that procedural memories are stored in the _____. (Points : 5)
11) Johanna is giving a talk in her speech class about her most memorable birthday, her Sweet 16 birthday party. This is an example of which type of long-term memory (1 pt) explicit memory
1) Memory is the act of reviewing or processing of what has been studied. We use memory to learn and think in our everyday lives. Memory is a personal library in our brain for us to look back at information we encounter in our lives. While doing research on this paper I stumbled upon a lot of informations about memory and tips and trick to improve our memory. In chapter 7 of Karen Huffman and Katherine Dowdell's textbook, I learned amazing new bits knowledge into how we recall information and why we forget. Memory is broken up into three parts. You have encoding, storage, retrieval. Encoding is the introductory learning data. Storage is the maintenance of encoded data over time. Retrieval is the ability to get to the data when you need it. All three of memory stages figures out if something is recollected or forgotten. Students will likely not remember
b. Memory requires a “selective attention” in order to store information while focusing on one task at a time, like driving.
The generally accepted classification of memory is based on how long you can remember an item or experience (memory retention), and identifies three types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
C. In general, the brain's system for creating and using memories is very effective, but problems often occur.
Many of our abilities are innate and that includes memory. Memory is tightly connected with learning, which then can be influenced the individual's behavior in the future. In terms of cognition, the psychologist focuses on the way we process information. The information is brought and understand into the mind in various of ways and is then manipulated by placing into a sensory, short term or long term storage and is recalling and retrieved when necessary. Even so, retrieving memory was no longer the process of picking out an asymmetrical experience from storage, rather than the reconstruction of experience of using the schema as a guide. (Gray 2010)