Phytopthora ramorum is a new pathogen that impacts over 100 plant species, mainly in California and Oregon. The pathogen has also been shipped to nurseries across the nation, but has not established itself in native forests or landscapes outside of California or Oregon. On some hosts such as plants in the oak family it causes a disease called Sudden Oak Death. Large cankers appear on bark with dark red lesions. The pathogen may also restrict flow in Xylem causing crown death, and eventually total death of the plant. The pathogen may also cause blight in other species, such as the California Bay laurel, and Rhododendron. Signs of infection are the presence of hyphae on the leaves, and chlamydospores of bark and leaves. Disease management is
There are numerous different challenges that the paramedic will face in attempting to keep an airway patent. These challenges vary from patient to patient depending on their condition. One challenge in keeping a patent airway the paramedic will face is trying to maintain the airway of a trauma patient. Trauma patients make it difficult to maintain an airway due to the traumatic damage, especially if it has affected the face and neck regions.
Laurel Wilt Disease is a scourge here in Florida. The disease affects laurel trees all over the Southeast, with the most notable victim being avocado trees. The beetles also effect sassafras trees, pond spice trees, and swamp bays. The main cause of this disease is a fungus known as Raffaelea Lauricola that is transmitted through a beetle called the red bay ambrosia beetle (Persea Borbonia). Neither of these species are native to the area. It was brought over to the states through wooden shipping containers that had contained the beetle insect. The insect and disease came from countries like India, Japan, Myanmar, and Taiwan. The disease works by having the beetle come into the country, hiding in the wooden crates. Once in America, the beetle enters into the environment and seeks trees to bore into for food and shelter. The beetles contain spores that containing the fungus that kills the host tree. The fungus then grows in the sapwood of the tree, restricting the flow of food, sap, and nutrients around the tree. This results in die back and eventually, a dead tree. The disease is known to highly effect the avocado industry and the natural forests in Florida. Currently, 61 out of 67 counties in Florida contain reports of Laurel Wilt Disease as of 2015. That is an enormous 91%.
70% of her right lung is collapsed and is not taking part in gas exchange
Part I: In two separate paragraphs, please describe what a flail chest and a tension pneumothorax are and how each affects a person’s ability to breathe. In other words, what happens inside the body that is detrimental and why is it detrimental.
The novel Motorcycles and Sweetgrass written by Drew Hayden Taylor revolves within Otter Lake, an Anishnawbe community. A mysterious blonde, white man arrives riding on a motorcycle. This man is known as John, a man with a numerous amounts of surnames. John is seen around the neighborhood and found sharing a passionate kiss with Lillian, the grandmother of a boy named Virgil. The chief of this community, Maggie is head over heels for this white man; however Maggie’s son Virgil does not approve of John constantly being around his mother and has a bad feeling about this man.
A tracheostomy, or trach, is a surgically created opening in the trachea. A tracheostomy tube, or trach tube, is a tube that is placed in this opening to help with breathing. It is important to take good care of your trach and trach tube. This will help you stay safe and free from infection.
Cryphonectria parasitica, a filamentous, ascomycete fungus, is the causal agent of the chestnut blight5,14 which was introduced to North America from Japan circa 190412,14.The chestnut blight infects all members of the Castanea family14, and some members of the genus Quercus though C. parasitica infections are superficial14. A C. parasitica infection typically begins at a branch node or wound in the tree’s bark 14. Once a spore has entered the tree, hyphal growth begins14. When the fungi’s hyphae reach the cambium, the xylem and phloem are blocked, cutting off the transport of water and nutrients and a sunken canker is formed14. Eventually, the lack of water and nutrients kills the tree above the point of infection14. As a fungus, C.
In today's world there is a tremendous amount of information on the internet; it is our duty as the target audience to be meticulous in choosing which sites we decide to commit to. For example The Society of Thoracic Surgeon or STS my sound professional but you cannot assess a website solely by the name at the top of the web page. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons web page can be found at http://www.sts.org/ and noting the .org is a promising sign but diving deeper into the site itself. STS is a non-profit organization that is committed to ensuring patients receiving surgeries of the heart, lung esophagus and others related to the chest are getting the best possible outcomes (The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, 2014). According to O'Leary (2010) using an academic database can promote an end result of finding a credible website. In finding the domain, www.sts.org, MedlinePlus was the chosen database for this search. With the information at hand I knew this website was worthy of my time for further evaluation.
Response to the chest self-exam: Overall, no abnormalities are found. There is not any swelling, dimpling of skin, or changes in the nipple during the chest self-exam, except the erect of the nipples. The color of mammary areola is a little bit darker than other part of the skin. I feel that the sensitivity is the same around the chest area for me. Although the book says that men and women have same sensitivity in this area and it is the primary area for sexual arouse, I feel not arouse even with erect nipples. I am surprised that man’s nipples can also become erection under the
With attention to her heart issues, I checked her capillary refill on both fingers and toes for perfusion, her pulse (62 bpm) and her blood pressure (120/58). Additionally, when she was getting up I had her sit for a minute before standing to decrease the likelihood of orthostatic hypotension.
For this paper, I decided to write about bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is a respiratory disease that takes on the appearance of cystic fibrosis. It is caused by the buildup of mucous causing the airways to stretch and widen and are irreversible. (American Lung Association, 2015) I chose to write about bronchiectasis because one of my dear friends has recently been diagnosed with this respiratory disease. Jasmine Coleman was born with a rare blood disorder and as a child she was always in and out of the hospital because she was more susceptible to infections, pneumonia was the main problem. Her condition was so severe that she wasn’t expected to have lived through high school, but she is still with us today. Over time her airways have built up with mucous and she began to cough up large amounts of blood. She had undergone various testing and treatments to try to figure out what was wrong. It was only recently when she was finally diagnosed with bronchiectasis. She has only 22 percent lung function and that is mainly in her left lung for her right lung is filled with blood. She is currently on six liters of oxygen when she is out and about and two liters for when she is resting. (Times Bulletin, 2015) She may be
When I was a little girl, I wanted to be a dentist just like my mom. If you ask me what I would want to be now, I would probably tell you a respiratory therapist. I would want to go into any medical field because I love helping others and seeing others progress in their illness and watching them grow as people. I also would want a job that allows me to have contact with people everyday. In this paper, I will be discussing what a respiratory therapist does on an everyday basis, the salary and job demand, and the classes a respiratory therapist has to take.
The Chestnut blight is a fungus which is also called the chestnut bark disease. The scientific name for this is Cryphonectria Parasitica (Murril) Barr. The organism that assaults the American chestnut has the appearance of an extensive ulcer, and is regularly found on the tree trunk or other tree surface range. It enters tree wounds and splits and develops in and under the bark, executing the territory around the tree twig, extension or trunk. Yellow or orange spores (called pycnidia) radiate from the infection, and they are as little as a pinhead. The ulcer lodging the parasite could be either swollen or sunken; with the recent being the deadly sort that executes the tree. From the start, the tree kicks the bucket over the ulcer, despite the fact that it may keep on sprouting beneath it. As sprouts develop, they, too, get contaminated and pass on. In the long run, infections spread all around the tree surface, murdering the tree. In spite of the fact that youthful trees may succumb to the ailment inside a year, experienced trees may take years to succumb to the parasite.
The fungus develops in the root collar area of the tree. It travels underneath the bark by forming distinctive white mycelial fans and rhizomorphs. White mycelia fans are mats of irregular fan shaped mycelium. It grows between the wood and bark and girdles it, causing the separation between the two. The mycelia releases biopolymer degrading enzymes that allows the fungi to penetrate the bark and is used to break down the wood. The secretion of enzymes and with the separation between the wood and bark, causes the death of the tree. After decomposing, the mycelium fans leaves an impression in the resign saturated inner side of the bark.
Anthracnose disease is caused by fungus and generally affected Japanese Maple Trees that are planted in areas that are warm and experience frequent humidity.