Qualitative Interviews

Culture is defined as the traditions, customs, norms, beliefs, values and thought patterning passed down from generation to generation (Jandt 2010). The world consists of many different cultures. In this Ethnographic Interview, I was given the opportunity to explore and learn more about a culture different from my own. Through observation I’ve have seen how people of different cultures differ from mines. For example, the type of foods a person

Ethnographic studies can give insight into the way that stereotypes are seen and perceived in the real world. Audrey Shalinsky defines ethnographic fieldwork as a “scientific and artistic” approach to the description and analysis of cultural systems (Shalinsky, 968). I chose to do the ethnographic interview as I wanted to learn about someone else’s experiences and hear a different point of view than my own. I interviewed one of my Cambodian friends who asked if their name could be omitted for privacy purposes. He and I met at a Starbucks so that I could conduct my interview in a relaxed setting where my interviewee would feel comfortable and open to talk about his experiences as someone from Southeast Asian descent. Throughout my interview, I asked him what stereotypes he has encountered and what stereotype he himself projects onto others. He talked about how he goes about his day to day life and how that causes him to be stereotyped in a certain way and the way that he makes assumptions about others based on their lifestyles and appearances. I wanted to mainly focus on the ways that he has been racially stereotyped, but I also wanted to be able to analyze any other stereotypes that people may have developed towards him. Also, I asked him how other people stereotyping him affect him and why he thinks that other people create and use stereotypes to define people that they do not know. Michael Pickering defines stereotyping as “gain and loss” and can change the social

Post publication of research can also affect both interviewer and interviewee. Carolyn Ellis, (1995) describes feelings regarding the emotionality that erupted between her and members of the community of ‘Fishneck’ after the publication of her thesis based on one of two isolated fishing communities in which she carried out fieldwork from 1972 to 1984. (Ellis, 1995). Ellis described her emotional state in an article entitled ‘Emotional and Ethical Quagmires in Returning to the Field’ ‘To be honest, I'm scared-scared of hurting them and myself once more, scared that they won't want me to come back again’. Ellis also mentions the studies of Frazier (1964), Punch (1986), Vidich and Bensman (1958), Warren (1980), and Whyte (1943) that community

In this qualitative phenomenological research, the researcher went to the building that the participants’ schools were located for participants’ convenience. The researcher followed a protocol of first conducting individual interviews with each of the ten participants. A semi-structured, conversational style of individual interviewing was adopted in order to explore the respondents’ stories which made interviewing multiple subjects more methodical (See Appendix A for Interview Protocol). According to Meehan, 20014),

A lot of researchers have studied African American males in predominantly White institutions (PWIs). Sinanan (2012) published an interview-based qualitative study that explores African American male students’ social and academic experiences in a PWI in Southern New Jersey. The research aims to analyze African American men’s educational experience on campus. Sinanan (2012) points out that many African Americans have feelings of self-doubt, inadequacy, low self-esteem, and social isolation over 300 years, thus “surviving and thriving in a racially charged social environment has been an ongoing challenge for the African American community” (p. 2). In addition, another study defines this isolation as “racial tensions”, which is an internal tension

Qualitative Research offers participants to be evaluated in depth along with open-ended questions that can be directed or generated in real time, as the conversation develops. Additionally, the direction of the research could be adjusted and revised as findings emerge. Selecting a qualitative research design would provide immense detail and provide an understanding of peoples experiences of the traumatic events. A qualitative approach would help establish patterns and change as well as assist in determining idiographic causation with the research interest. However, because the research would produce extensive data; interpretation, transcribing, and analysis would be time-consuming. Additionally, because of the open ended questions and the research being dependent on the researchers skills, participants as well as results may be influenced by research biases or researchers may influence the subjects responses. Likewise, the data collection would take an extended time, given the possible depth of each participants interview. Qualitative approaches additionally produce less generalizable results, and findings might not generalizable to people outside of the sample.

Power point slide Qualitative research is a difficult term to define…. Nevertheless, it is important to be familiar with some definitions in the field. The definition provided by Creswell 2009 is enlightening because it incorporates ……….. most important part of definition for me were reports detailed views of informants and natural setting.

In " A Structure for In-Depth, Phenomenological Interviewing” by Irving Seidman he talks about the methods and practice of phenomenological interviewing. For example, Seidman says that there are four themes to the interviews and the interviews should be done in three separate parts. Furthermore he states that the themes, “provide the rationale and the logic for the structure, technique, and approach to analyzing, interpreting, and sharing interview material” (263). Consequently it is made prevalent that these themes are crucial to the phenomenological interviewing process. In addition to him stressing the importance of the themes Seidman also elucidates on how much the three part interview matters.

The goal of this assignment was to interview someone who was culturally different than me and help me reflect on biases I had before and after the meeting. Through administering this ethnographic interview, I learned about a culture from the worldview of my interviewee. Before starting the interview, I was unaware of the “white privilege,” which is the culture who encompasses the tools and opportunities in society. Now after conducting the interview, I am aware this is not a bias, not everyone is granted the same opportunities. People from different cultures are not given the same opportunities in their country or in the United States. According to Sue and Sue (2016), problems encountered by clients are often due to organizational or systematic factors. Thus, through the counseling profession, it is essential that I advocate for my multicultural clients and their cultural groups. Not only on a client-therapist level but on local and state levels as well. It is important as a therapist to put yourself in the position of the client to be empathetic toward their lived experiences. Before this interview, I considered myself a multicultural competent therapist, yet I learned a lot about Venezuelan culture and about myself as a therapist.

According to Ary, Jacobs, Razavieh, and Sorensen (2006), the nature of any qualitative research study can pose limitations and ethical issues which need to be considered. Even with taking these considerations into mind, because the object of the research was a “concrete human experience,” the researcher recognized that the use of a qualitative method was “the most adequate means of knowledge production” (Brinkmann & Kvale, 2005, p. 162). Hawkins (2011), made every effort to ensure the information obtained for the study was not extremely personal to minimize potential ethical issues. Additionally, permission was obtained by the review board as well as from the participants before any information was collected.

Qualitative research reflects different ways that researcher’s collect data and explore all of the information through literature review. Participant’s that are reviewing is often observed for analysis while “the role of the researcher focuses as the primary data collection instrument necessitates the identification of personal values, assumptions and biases at the outset of the study; Qualitative researchers ask at least one central question” (Creswell, 2014, which can be explored in several contexts with further questions. According to the text Research Design (2014) “the researcher’s role is typically involved in a

Shepard (2013) completed an ethnography qualitative study on the impacts of stress within those individuals who work in health care, harm reduction, and the human services field. The type of data collected within this study was primarily focused obtaining narratives from the participants. Shepard (2013) wanted to obtain the felt experiences of those who worked within the field of helping take care of others and seeing them through difficult times of their life. The data was mainly collected through interviews of friends and colleagues, as well as direct observation of those individual’s that were greatly impacted by stress to the point of self-destruction and premature

Being able to pick the right family was more difficult to do than I had originally thought it would be. I reflected on the readings from Leigh and one important thing that is said reminded me that during the interview, I needed to make sure that I was going to be able to not only understand what they are saying, but really hear their points of view without losing a sense of who I am as well as the beliefs that I have. In being able to hear and understand what is being said, I also needed to make sure that I was not passing judgement or categorizing them while they spoke. (Leigh, chapter 3, pgs 17-18). I feel that emotions can be raw without even starting the interview. I had no idea what their situation consists of, what some hidden struggles were, and to be

The methodological approach the authors used was a qualitative method. A qualitative method is data that is collect in terms of observation, research surveys and interviews. It is language based and it is also centered on individual’s experiences. The basis of the article was based on the findings from a larger ethnographic study that discussed the causes influencing Aboriginal patients’ choice to seek health care in an urban hospital`s emergency department for health issues that are either labeled as stable and non-urgent. The reason why the authors decided to explore a pervious ethnographic study was to identify community leaders in the Aboriginal health services sector and university researchers who have knowledge in such work. The authors

Phenomenological interview limitations may appear due to the researcher’s lack of experience in conducting interviews (Downey, 2015); which may interfere with the researcher’s focus and intentionality (Ashworth, 2017). Limitations may occur with the relationship between the researcher and the interviewee, including power struggles which might affect trust and honest participant reflections (Boucher, 2017). Further, time limitations could impede upon a participants deliberation process during the interview process (Downey, 2015). If a researcher is to understand the essence of a phenomenon; a suspension of judgment is required during participant interviews (Ashworth, 2017). Additionally, the researcher will need to be extremely attentive to experience the study through the participants’ eyes (Kelley, 2016). Individuals may choose not to answer every question, which is acceptable; yet, missing data can also become a limitation to the study. However, if enough participants do not answer the same question, the question might need to be reframed or removed; additionally, secondary data, such as technical reports, white papers or additional publications might be necessary to validate the research question (Johnston, 2014).