Qualitative Research Article

With regard to sleepiness, several studies indicated that the average of sleep duration in 1910 to 2002 have decreased from 9 to 6 hours on workdays (National sleep foundation, 2002; Groger et al., 2004). Recently, a survey study of Roger et al. (2004) shows that an American Nurses have an average of 84 minutes more sleep on non workdays. Thus, shift work suggested as a cause of sleeping disorder among nurses where they feel of sleep during the shift. Considering the contributing factors of sleepiness, the literature identified that long working hours and rotating shifts are causing sleeping disorder. In the night and rotating shifts, the nurses are rarely obtained adequate amount of sleep. In fact, the nurses experiencing less sleeping hours (1 to 4 hour) than normal sleeping (Zeisler et al.,1980). Nevertheless, insufficient sleep is a significant reason of damaging planning, decision-making, and integration of information (Krueger, 1994; Harrison and Horne, 2000). More recent studies have revealed that long hour shifts and overtime are strongly linked to the difficulties of being a wake through the shift which leads to increase the risk of making an error (Scott et al., 2006; Roger et al., 2004).

include 8 hour shifts, 12 hour shifts, rotating shifts (permanent rotating shifts and fast rotating shifts), and fixed schedule shifts. The duration of scheduling and rotating in shifts can impact nurses’ performance and health, especially for nurses who work at night (Kudielka Buchtal, Uhde, & Wüst, 2007). When nurses work at night, their normal circadian rhythms (biological clock) will be disturbed because of the change in sleep patterns. Therefore, there will be “a mismatch between the endogenous, internal circadian timing system and the external environmental synchronizers” (Kudielka et al., 2007, p.92). This means that nurses’ biological functions will be disturbed by the changes that they make, such as sleeping during the day instead

What do people think of when they first hear the word nap? Everyday sayings such as snatching a nap, being caught napping, snoozing, or stealing forty winks are all beneficial daily activities we need to add to our busy life. If we do, we will be more awake and capable to reach our full potential as an individual. People don’t realize how important a nap can be. Although popular beliefs suggest that naps are a waste of time, naps actually increase productivity by resting the brain.

In the current world, the culture of operating on little sleep seems to be regarded highly. Nowhere is this phenomenon more profound than for 911 telecommunication dispatchers. These employees, who consider sleep deprivation not as unique to their schedule, constantly have to respond to callers and coordinate services to emergency situations involving fires, health situations, burglary cases, car chases, and other situations needing emergency help. However, the effects of sleep deprivation on these workers can be monumental, given that sleep is critical for the normal functioning of the human body. Against this grounding, this article describes the effects of sleep deprivation on 911 telecommunication dispatchers and cites some of the incidents where deprivation caused wrong services to be dispatched, highlights how lack of rest can affect the mood and health of the person and put the lives of the citizens at risk. In addition, illustrates how sleep deprivation jeopardizes the employee, company, and the county the 911 agency represents with regards to law and accountability.

“Sleep Quality in Nurses: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Day and Night Shift Workers” is a quantitative study by Nui, Chu Chung, Lin, Chang, and Chou published in the journal of Biological Research for Nursing (2012). The article aims to compare the amount of recovery time needed by nurses that work the night shift in relation to nurses that work the day shift. In order to determine if a study is eligible to use for developing evidence based practice it is important to critique research articles (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014) for their quality and applicability. This will determine if the study is relevant and can be applied to nursing practice. That is the purpose of this paper.

The effects of long work hours, resulting in insufficient sleep have been well documented (Rogers, 2008). Insufficient sleep alone has been noted to cause cognitive problems, mood alterations, reduced job performance, reduced motivation, increased safety risks, and physiological changes (Rogers, 2008). Failure to obtain a sufficient amount of sleep is even an important contributor to medical errors (Rogers, 2008). Now think of the effects of sleep, and add in stressful work environments, short-staffing, pressure from administration, and unexpected events, we can begin to realize how patient outcomes may be greatly compromised.

This study hypothesized that napping type (planned versus unintentional) would be a primary predictor of scores on cognitive assessments and self-rated memory. A secondary hypothesis of this study was that cognitive assessments would be significantly associated with napping frequency as well as napping type. These hypotheses were partially supported by the study findings. Planned napping was associated with higher scores on memory assessments, while frequent napping was independently associated with lower scores on one memory assessment. However, these results only partially remained after adjustment for highest level of educational attainment: while planned napping was still associated with higher scores on one memory assessment, napping

Despite having slept for only four hours, the man claimed to have felt alert when he left home, but had entered microsleep when he drove off the road and into the victims (“Driver who killed mother, injured baby is jailed for two years,” 2016). Across the U.S., state governments are raising awareness around the dangers of driving while drowsy, mostly with “Prevention Weeks”, but sometimes with punitive laws. For example, in New Jersey it is illegal to drive if you have been without sleep for 24 hours (“Summaries of Current Drowsy Driving Laws,”2015). While it should be obvious to most that it would be irresponsible to drive under such acute sleep deprivation, cognitive deficiencies can occur in those who are chronically sleep deprived. In fact, losing just a couple of hours of sleep on a consecutive basis can be harmful. Studies show the that the effects of sleep deprivation accumulates over time and that as a “slept debt” increases, reaction time decreases (Dinges DF, Pack F, Williams K et al., 1997, as cited in Bonnet & Arand, 2003). Since the CDC estimates that up to one third of Americans between 18-60 get less than 7 hours of sleep each night (Liu et al., 2016), this is an issue many of us should be concerned

Performance across a wide range of cognitive processes has been tested. Studies demonstrate that naps are as good as a night of sleep for some types of memory tasks. A NASA study led by David F. Dinges, professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, found that naps can improve certain memory functions and that long naps are more effective than short ones. In that NASA study, volunteers spent several days living on one of 18 different sleep schedules, all in a laboratory setting. To measure the effectiveness of the naps, tests probing memory, alertness, response time, and other cognitive skills were

The fact that if nurse work three twelve hour shifts in a row bond sleep deprivation rising drowsy driving and injuries. The lack of sleep between work days especially work night shifts increase attention failure while driving home from work in the morning. Closely 95% of nurses who working twelve-hour night shifts report that they fallen asleep at the wheel and having had or near-miss an automobile accident.

Shorter naps are more beneficial than longer naps for people in extenuating circumstances. Studies support that shorter naps, less than 30 minutes, have immediate benefits in driving and subjective sleepiness (Horne & Reyner, 1996), as well as alertness and cognitive performance (Tietzel & Lack, 2001). This suggests that shorter naps often lack feelings of sleep inertia, but they instead combat the feelings of sleepiness which can be beneficial to many including those working night shifts, or those who routinely drive long hours at night. On the contrary, many studies support alertness and performance benefits of naps longer than 30 minutes, however; longer naps are also associated with sleep inertia (Hilditch, Dorrian, Centofanti, Van Dongen,

However, other studies have found that nurses’ healthiness is not undesirably affected by the 12 h shift (Dwyer et al., 2007; Jennings and Rademaker, 1987; Kaliterna and Prizmic, 1998), and some have established that it can essentially have affirmative well-being benefits, comprising a substantial reduction in individual symptomatology in the areas of overall health, cardiovascular associated illnesses, anxiety and frustration (Eaton and Gottselig, 1980), reduced emotional exhaustion (Stone et al., 2006; van Servellen and Leake, 1994) and consumption more healthily (Freer and Murphy-Black, 1995). One study found that nurses employed 12 h shifts involvement suggestively less compassion tiredness than those working for 8 h (Yoder, 2010). A smaller quantity of studies have reconnoitered the connection among work hours and the probability of incident or injury to nurses but these too have self-contradictory results. One study found that the danger of ‘drowsy driving’ doubled over and the risk of actuality involved in a motor vehicle crash or near motor vehicle crash nearly doubled when driving followed shifts exceeding 12 and a half hours in period (Scott et al., 2007). However, additional study found no changes stated in trouble driving home pre and post carrying out of 12 h shifts (Mills et al., 1983). Trinkoff et al. (2006a) found that employed 13 h or lengthier was considerably related with prevalence of neck, shoulder and back injury/complaint, even though Lipscomb et al.

The results show the context of the purpose of the study. The study wanted to find out what the manager’s perceptions on naps were and these results effectively demonstrated that. The results were able to effectively summarize the opinions of these manager’s. The study did identify several limitations. These included the small sample size and that this sample may not be representative of all critical care nurses. They also mentioned that more work could be done on assessing the validity of their survey. The researcher effectively identified the relevance to nursing practice. The researchers identified that managers are in a unique position to influence change in this area, so their perceptions are of great importance. Through this study, the researchers were also able to identify barriers that exist to napping on the night shift. By identifying these problems, the researchers are able to correctly identify what needs to be changed for naps to be implemented on the night shift. The study correctly identifies that there are problems with generalizing these findings, as stated previously. The researchers correctly identified numerous recommendations for future research. They identified that policy guidelines are needed regarding naps on the night shift. They also identified that education for the managers is important in order to create this

It is difficult to constantly get sufficient sleep due to work and family related circumstances, and an estimated 15-30% of traffic accidents are directly related to driver drowsiness (Howard, Jackson, Kennedy, Swann, Barnes & Pierce, 2007). Sleep deprivation has been demonstrated to strongly impair mood, cognitive performance, and motor function as a result of decreasing mental impairment (Durmer & Dinges, 2005). Therefore, it will be argued that sleep deprivation substantially interferes with driving performance. This is based on the evidence given by Williamson and Feyer (2005) which found that after long periods without sleep, driving performance reached equivalent to those

000). The Energy of Leadership. In William Dauphinais, Grady Means & Colin Price Price (Eds.), Wisdom of the CEO (pp.167-174). New York: Wiley.