“IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF SHEANUT PRODUCTS FOR
GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS”
PRESENTATION BY PAUL B. ORHII, JD, MD, Ph. D, DIRECTORGENERAL (NAFDAC), AT THE SEMINAR ON SHEANUT AT
HYDROHOTELS, MINNA, ON 4TH AUGUST, 2010.
Protocol:
I feel highly honored to be invited to present a paper with the theme:
“Shea nut industry in Nigeria: exploiting its potentials for economic growth and development “.
I commend the management of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) for organizing this seminar which provides a forum for the various stakeholders to engage in discussions towards exploiting the potentials of Shea nut industry for economic growth. The theme of the conference is also timely considering the efforts being made by various sectors in order to rescue
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This is achieved through various processes which include product registration/listing, inspection of production facilities, good manufacturing practice (GMP), Hazard Analysis and Critical Control
Points (HACCP)
The Shea tree grows naturally in the wild in the dry Savannah belt of
West Africa .They bear fruit after about 20 years and do not reach maturity for 45 years. They may continue to produce nuts for up to
200 years after reaching maturity. A tree can yield of 15 to 20 kg of fresh fruit that will produce 3 to 4 kg of dry kernels. The kernels contain 42 to 48% oil (butter). In recent years the Shea tree has gained importance as an economic crop because of the heavy demand for its butter, both locally and internationally. Unrefined Shea butter contains vitamins A, E and several phyto nutrients. Vitamin A in Shea butter is most important for improving a number of skin conditions: including blemishes, wrinkles, eczema, and dermatitis.
a. Characteristics and Availability
Shea Butter is a creamy or ivory-colored natural fat extracted from the nuts of the Shea-Karite tree. It readily melts at room temperature and it has a characteristic smell.
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b. Processing
Crushing and extraction by solvent are the two processing method.
Traditional process:
The green pulp exterior is removed, either by burying the fruit in the ground so that the pulp ferments and falls off or other means, the nuts is picked, dried cracked, shelled
An artificial tree needs to be reused for many years to make it more environmentally friendly than buying a fresh cut tree annually. According to forester Bill Cook, a fake tree would have to be used for more than eight to nine years. A 2009 study out of Montreal, however, concluded it would take more than 20 years of use to make it a more nature friendly choice.
The Redwoods forest is home of one the tallest and oldest trees. Some redwoods can live to be 2,000 years old and can grow over 200 feet tall and 16 to 20 feet in diameter. 96 percent of the old growth forest has been logged
Generally speaking, the skin on someone’s face is one of the first things we notice, so it’s only natural that we would desire healthy, glowing skin. Sadly, our skin is also one of the first things to be affected by poor dieting and stress. Beyond just covering with makeup, or religiously applying face creams before going bed, there are other things that can be done to help improve the look and feel of your skin.
In the beginning of lab, we were advised to obtain a nutrient agar petri plate, which is used for the cultivation of microbes supporting growth of non-fastidious organisms. Since it contains many nutrients, a wide variety of bacteria and fungi can grow. Taking the plate,
Under the soil of the forest there is a huge layer of redwood roots. Roots from a redwood tree may only grow 3 feet down but they can grow up to 20 feet out away from the trunk of the tree. The roots of many redwood trees are grown together any many times, when a tree starts to lean, the thick layer of roots can hold it up. When redwoods start getting cut down this can ruin the layer of roots that covers almost all of the forest. Then redwood trees would not have much support as they do and would be more inclined to fall over. Cutting down redwoods would also lower the chance of reproduction. Redwood trees only reproduce every so often, this process could take over five years. First the redwood drops acorns that fall to the forest floor. Then after some time, a larger type or acorns is dropped and releases pollen which pollinates the first acorn (Hemmerich 2014). Many of the seeds do not grow at all. Only about one in every 200 seeds will grow and become a full sized redwood tree. Of course this process does not happen overnight, it can take up to 100 years for a seed to grow and become a mature redwood tree (Hemmerich 2014).
Based on the current conditions of the area, we hypothesis that tree survivability will be highest in elevations above 3,000 feet and below 3,300 feet, highest in slopes between 0 - 45 degrees, and highest in aspects between 0 - 33 degrees. Tree survivability will also be highest in area with the best soil, water quality, and forest health conditions for successful tree sapling growth.
For years the oak population
A. A forestry textbook claims that the mean age of pine trees in Colorado is 30
The Blue Oak tree is a deciduous tree, but will sometimes shed its leaves and go dormant for many years during severe droughts. It is a short tree with an open canopy and an average height of 30 feet. The leaves are blue-green in color and one to three inches long. Acorns are thin and ¾ to 1 ½ inches long. They ripen in one year and are able to germinate after one month. Blue Oak reproduces through seeds and from cut or burnt stumps. The light colored, thick bark helps reduce fire damage. The number of Blue Oak trees has decreased due to their slow growth, but they aren’t considered endangered because of their wide distribution. People use Blue Oak for fence posts and fire wood. Native Americans also ate the acorns and used the wood to make
Just like any fruit it ripens and grows through time so it is ready for the world.
This new electronic probe for measuring the age of trees have a larger problem with reliability because the electronic device provided repeatable results in two occasions (when the results returned a 45 years old value as well as the 47 years old value).
I live in an older neighborhood where many of the tall oaks are between 80 to 90 years old. A number of the smaller much younger trees are leaning to one side, reaching towards the sun that streams through the branches of older towing oaks.
This indisputable fact does come with a caveat. In order for trees to add value, they must be healthy, mature but not old, and native to the area. This means that homeowners who are looking to sell their home in 10 - 20 years time, may want to plant some trees so that they can get more on their return.
Even when cut down, the Sawtooth Oak has the characteristic of shooting from the stump and re-growing in 15 years, and
old trees, small trees and shrubs. The timber volume of about 19 billion cubic meters,