Quality Data Characteristics

US Congress created the Hipaa bill in 1996 because of public concern of how their private information was being used. It is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, which Congress created to protect confidentiality, privacy and security of patient information. It was also for health care documents to be passed electronically. Hipaa is a privacy rule, which gives patients control over their health information. Patients have to give permission any healthcare provider can disclose any information placed in the individual’s medical records. It helps limit protected health information (PHI) to minimize the chance of inappropriate disclosure. It establishes national-level standards that healthcare providers must comply with and strictly investigates compliance related issues while holding violators to civil or criminal penalties if they violate the privacy of a person’s PHI. Hipaa also has boundaries for using and disclosing health records by covered entities; a healthcare provider, health plan, and healthcare clearinghouse. It also supports the cause of disclosing PHI without a person’s consent for individual healthcare needs, public benefit and national interests. The portability part of Hipaa guarantees patients health insurance to employees after losing a job, making sure health insurance providers can’t discriminate against people because of health status or pre-existing condition, and keeps their files safe while being sent electronically. The Privacy

I was also directed from Google.co.uk to a number of personal and private blogs and forums that satisfied my search criteria. All these Web 2.0 tools greatly assisted me in completing my task and equipping me with the knowledge to do these again in future. “Web 2.0” is a term coined by Tim O’Reilly in 1999 to describe non – written script web pages. They allow me to improve my knowledge base and develop working understanding of IT systems through the use of Blogs, podcasts and Videos.

In 2003, a federal law that provided privacy and security protection was imposed upon all healthcare organizations including hospitals, physician practices, health insurance companies, Medicare, Medicaid, employers, and labs, as well as other providers. With passage of this law all patients now have a right to their PHI -Protected Health Information- under HIPAA which includes the right to receive a notice of privacy practices, to copy and view information in their medical record, request amendments, receive an accounting of disclosures, request communication about medical matters, restrict the use and disclosure of their medical record, and to file a complaint about violations of privacy (Modifications to the HIPAA, 2013).

A process within healthcare that has changed as a result of HIPAA is medical information security. The laws have been tightened more. Privacy audits can be done with covered entities if they have had complaints, or even if there have been none. In the event of high-profile incidents, privacy audits can be done also. The privacy rule has also changes as a result. The privacy rule affects 3 different situations in which private health information is handled, use, disclosure, and request. Because of the minimum necessary standard, healthcare providers and covered entities have to limit the use, disclosure, and requests to only the amount of information necessary to complete this.

The Health Insurance and Portability Act of 1996, known by the acronym HIPAA, is a civil rights law that was passed to give patients important rights and protections in regards to their protected health information (Herold, R., and Beaver, K, 2014). This federal law was imposed upon all healthcare organizations and affects hospitals, physician practices, health insurance companies, Medicare, Medicaid, employers, labs, as well as other providers. All patients should now have a right to their PHI -Protected Health Information- under HIPAA which include the right to receive a notice of privacy practices, to copy and view information in their medical record, request amendments to their medical record, receive an accounting of disclosures, request communication about medical matters, restrict the use and disclosure of their medical record, and to file a complaint for

Data Protection Act: Patient information has to be kept private. Health care professionals and their affiltes must not allow unauthorised access to sensitive patient information. The Health information portability and accountability act of 1996, also known as HIPAA, contains a clause designed to protect patient privacy. The rules ensure that health care professionals take prudent steps to protect the confidentiality of communications with individual patients. Patients can also request that health care professionals correct may inaccurate person health information in their records.

“The HIPAA Privacy Rule establishes national standards to protect individuals’ medical records and other personal health information and applies to health plans, health care clearinghouses, and those health care providers that conduct certain health care transactions electronically. The Rule requires appropriate safeguards to protect the privacy of personal health information, and sets limits and conditions on the uses and disclosures that may be made of such information without patient authorization. The Rule also gives patients the rights over their health information, including rights to examine and obtain a copy of their health records, and to request corrections.”

HIPAA has given patients the legal right to not only see and copy their medical records, but it also gave them the ability to correct the information as well. It has made it so that an employer can’t use a current employees or future employee’s healthcare information against them. Insurance providers can no longer stop patients from receiving insurance based on pre-existing conditions. The laws set in place by HIPAA has had both a positive

For years the government is being struggling to protect patients information, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was enacted by the United States Congress in 1996. Title II of HIPAA defines policies, procedures and guidelines for maintaining the privacy and security of individually identifiable health information as well as outlining numerous offenses relating to health care and sets civil and criminal penalties for violations. However, the most significant provisions of Title II are its Administrative Simplification rules, requiring the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to draft rules aimed at increasing the efficiency of the health care system by creating standards for the use and dissemination of health care information.

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) indicates that HIPAA violations have been generally increasing throughout the years. Now that electronically maintained patient information exists, it has become increasingly difficult to limit information sharing in a manner that guarantees usage for its intended genesis. Personal information travels across several channels, to include healthcare providers, third party payers, and other business associates. Few controls exist to regulate how this information is maintained, or disseminated. If state law or local legislation does not forbid accessing patient health records or sharing patient information, any information held by a provider or business associate could be passed

Data Integrity – accuracy and consistency of stored data, indicated by an absence of any alterations and free from any authorized change.

Through applying this framework, they noticed that Reliability, Efficiency and Usability were the quality attributes most impacted by the limitations in the mobile environment. The degrees of influence of each quality attributes are shown in Figure

An ISDMA will summarize and analyse data in order to identify any problems with the data and determine the availability of appropriate data (Becerra-Fernandez & Sabherwal 2014). It is only after this stage has occurred, that an ISDMA will decide whether data qualifies for information or not. This stage in knowledge management is crucial for accentuating the validity of data sources by shedding light on important matters. McInerney and Koenig (2011) note that summarizing and analysing data also plays an important role in data quality evaluation by identifying data quality issues.

The internet was originally intended to be an information portal (Discover Kids). It was a way that people could find out information (Discover Kids). People were given the opportunity to find information, but could not comment, provide feedback or post reviews (Discover Kids).This is a one way information tool. Web 2.0 allows web users and sites to interact with each other. Web 2.0 encourages participation, collaboration, and information sharing. This is a two way communication tool. Some examples of Web 2.0 applications are Youtube, Wiki and Facebook (Discover Kids).

Web 2.0 has turned into a catch-all expression to depict sites that are something other than plain, static data dispersal. In the Web 2.0 world, the web fills in as a stage for individuals to make and offer their own substance online in type of websites, recording’s or photographs. RSS is likewise grasped by numerous sites to give a synopsis of news features of interests. By making this stage as easy to use and open as could be allowed, individuals are urged to visit regularly, and to post and view content. Prevalent person to person communication locales, for example, My Space, or video sharing destinations, for example, YouTube, are prime cases utilizing Web 2.0 advancements.