Quality Of Measures

The experiment conduct in this paper was prospective cohort study. The researchers goal was to determine if there was validity in the MBTI used as a major predictor is a good source. Kelly and Pulver wanted to see if there was any correlation to prove their hypothesis.

Validity refers to whether the research conducted is what it intended to be. Validity involves dependability, which means, a valid measure must be reliable. But, reliability doesn’t have to link to validity, a reliable measure is not required to be valid.

It is possible for a measure to have one and not all of the above criteria’s. If it lacks one of the measurements the chances of the study/research lacking credibility are higher.

In order to maintain consistency throughout the study, each of the six subjects will utilise the same source for data collection. Due to the fact that sites vary in precision (number of decimal places), activity format and number of trials, this particular measure will assist in ensuring that the evidence used to address the claim is both accurate and reliable.

Why is internal consistency such an easy way to assess reliability from a methodological perspective?

Tool validity is an extremely important aspect when gathering information used in research. There are many different tools that can be used depending on what is being researched. “Trustworthiness of the data can only be as good as the instruments or tests used to collect the data” (Boswell & Cannon, 2014). Many healthcare providers use research to increase their knowledge to help make decisions for changes in policy and procedures and in ways to care for patients.

This is important because if the standardisation sample and Ruby’s demographic did not match, there could be chance of test bias (Sim and Wright, 2000). The reliability and validity measures obtained for the standardization sample do not indicate adequate reliability and validity for the target population (Papathanasiou, Coppens and Potagas, 2013)

| Based on explicit knowledge and this can be easy and fast to capture and analyse.Results can be generalised to larger populationsCan be repeated – therefore good test re-test reliability and validityStatistical analyses and interpretation are

A percentage of results will be used to check accuracy via inputting means, standard deviations and minimum and maximum scoring of questionnaires, ensuring missing values are categorised correctly. Missing value analysis will be used to identify any trends and managed appropriately. If outliers are identified, transformation, alteration or deletion will commence. The skew and kurtosis will be tested for significance. Tests for homogeneity of variance will be performed and managed appropriately. Descriptive statistics will be obtained followed by between-subjects analyses e.g. ANOVA or MANOVA.

Validity refers to that measuring tool or approaches can accurately measure things needed to be measured. It can be considered as an extent that measured results reflect investigative contents. Measured results more tend to be identical, validity will be higher, vice versa. Guba and Lincoln (1981) argued that whole social research must include invalidity in order to acquire worthwhile data within both the rationalistic paradigm (quantitative research) and naturalistic paradigm (qualitative research). Some factors can determine the level of validity, which include bias, construct

Content validation is most appropriate when there are two few people to form a sample for purposes of criterion-related validation or when criterion measures are either unavailable or of poor quality. Our sample size of 832 is adequate for criterion-related validation and such measures are available. Nevertheless, content validation can be useful.

2Evaluating sources are an important skill. 2It's been called an art as well as work much of which is detective work. 2You have to decide where to look, what clues to search for, and what to accept.2Learning how to evaluate effectively is a skill you need both for your course papers and for your life. In regards to disregarding certain sources there are sources that are permitted when conducting public health research. Just to name a few, popular sources should be avoided such as websites, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias, and dictionaries. Credible sources that are allowed for public health research are public health journals, peer-reviewed articles and government documents. In conclusion, all scientific research must contain quality. 3Quality research most commonly refers to the scientific process encompassing all aspects of study design; in particular, it pertains to the judgment regarding the match between the methods and questions, selection of subjects, measurement of outcomes, and protection against systematic bias, nonsystematic bias, and inferential error.

Reliability is defined, within psychometric testing, as the stability of a research study or measure(s). Reliability can be examined externally, Inter-rater and Test-Retest, as well as internally; which is seen in internal consistency reliability methods.

To evaluate the reliability of the measurement instrument it was developed an internal consistency analysis through Cronbach’s alpha. It is an index that takes values between 0 and 1, used to verify if the instrument is reliable and performs stable and consistent measurements (Santesmases, 2009). Cronbach’s alpha estimates the lower limit of the reliability coefficient and it is expressed through Formula 2.

The research focused on the integration of various phases with the aim of achieving the goals and objectives in relation to the research questions. In the first phase, the research study integrated Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 17.0. The main objective of this statistical analysis tool was to offer critical analysis to the quantitative evaluation results of the experts in the context of the advisory panel (Chen et al, 2011). The research study also focuses on the integration of descriptive statistics in relation to the mean and standard deviation in illustration of the consensus of the experts in the case of the proposed health indicators. The researcher focused on the incorporation of the revised, analyzed, and summarized qualitative suggestions into the health indicator list.