Quality Of Service : Wireless And Cellular Networks

Simulation environment consists of wired, wireless and wired cum wireless network. Network simulator NS 2.35 [6] is used for the simulation. NS is a discrete event simulator, where the advance of times depends on the timing of events which are maintained by simulator.

During this paper several things will be explained or gone over. The first will be communication protocols and I will identify the network protocols and provide rationale for the decision. Next will be to define the full network architecture and explain the usefulness of the traffic analysis. The next thing will be to define the terms response time, latency, and jitter, and describe their effect on the main network performance and on the performance of the chosen organization 's network. Next the effect of data rates on each part of the network will also be explained. Describing strategies to ensure the availability of network access in switched and routed networks will be the last part of this paper.

In this smart world there is a rapid growth in using mobile network for requesting many queries, especially videos.Problem is more Base Staion (BS) is required for providing a continuous service, for the user to view videos without getting buffer, or in degrading of video quality. Since more BS are required, all BS has to be active all time, therefore energy requirement is more. It cause more power consumption, also if BS is reduced for save power it leads to poor quality of service(QOS). During peak traffic load during rush hours, wireless access network must be over deployed. It requires lot of BS to be active even when many times slots in a BS are free while providing service. Also, in a low-traffic period, the user will not request any data, but the BS have to be active.

The evolution of wireless and mobile technologies have enabled businesses to remain operative and profitable in a very competitive workplace environment. From just a decade ago, there has been a paradigm shift from direct, face to face communication to more interaction with capabilities from any place, at any time using any device. At an unprecedented pace than ever before businesses are reliant upon eCommerce and eBusiness strategies utilizing wireless and mobile technologies. This is coupled with the need to allow employees workplace flexibility from more secured business and personal smartphone or computing devices.

Cell phone and wireless data service are the leading complements for smartphones like the Galaxy S. Leading network providers in the U.S. are AT&T, Verizon, Sprint and T-Mobile. These service providers give consumers access to their networks (equipment and services) that allow smartphone devices to make and receive phone calls and access the Internet; sell and lease devices; and provide technical support to help consumers use and troubleshoot their devices.

Abstract— The next generation wireless networks are the fourth generation (4G) networks which are targeted for various applications; voice, data and multimedia communications. The mobile technologies 1G, 2G and 3G have lot of disadvantages which has led to the invention of 4G. As the users of mobile devices increase the demand for faster and efficient communication in the mobile network also increase. 4G aims to provide the quality of service (QoS) guarantee for many applications, is an important intension in the design of next-generation wireless networks. The authors concentrate on the 4G architecture and its comparison with 3G networks. The main focus is on three important mechanisms such as cross-layer approach, a novel QOS optimization architecture and robust header compression technique with some header compression mechanisms with respect to different QoS parameters.

QoS Policing must be configured for the undesired traffic and scavenger traffic classes over the WAN links.

The undersigned hereby certify that they have read and award a pass in INWK 6800 for the seminar project entitled "Vertical Integration in Wireless Networks" by Krishna Shesha sai in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering.

Quality of Service Challenges In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the measure of the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and service availability (e.g., 4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%). Supporting QOS in 4G networks will be a major challenge. When considering QOS, the major hurdles to overcome in 4G include: varying rate channel characteristics, bandwidth allocations, fault tolerance levels, and handoff support among heterogeneous wireless networks. Fortunately, QOS support can occur at the packet, transaction, circuit, and network levels. QOS will be able to be tweaked at these different operating levels, making the network more flexible and possibly more tolerant to QOS issues. Varying rate channel characteristics refers to the fact that 4G applications will have varying bandwidth and transition rate requirements. In order to provide solid network access to support the anticipated 4G applications, the 4G networks must be designed with both flexibility and scalability. Varying

Network designs have evolved from it early state to complex designs and features. The way we see network has also change from a basic layout to sometimes complex and detailed layouts. Today Cisco, an American multinational corporation that focuses on designing, manufacturing and selling network equipment, has set the foundation of much of the knowledge of networking and is held has one of the top networking companies. Example of Cisco’s presence in network design models would be their three-layer network design which includes the Access, Distribution, and Core layers. Cisco’s equipment is also held as one of the “top dog” in the Information Technology Networking field. Cisco manufacture many different types of network equipment which can be break into two major groups, commercial and residential. The main focus of this paper will be commercial equipment and not residential level equipment. A major part of network today would be the wireless side of the network due to the major increase in mobile device such as tables, smart phones, and laptops. There are numerous portions of the wireless side of the network which includes the Wi-Fi signal technology, the wireless access point’s hardware, and the technology in uses to make the Wi-Fi faster, reliably, and securer. There are several significant influences when considering a WAN connections, these include but not limit to the purpose of the WAN, Traffic requirements, and the geographic scope of the WAN. Before one

Therefore, some QoS feature would be required to give sensor network administrators the ability to control the overall network performance.

The variation of link quality of wireless channels has been a challenging issue in data communications. The same broadcast transmission may be perceived significantly differently, and usually independently, by receivers at different geographic locations. The combination of link-quality variation with the broadcasting nature of wireless channels has revealed a direction in the research of wireless networking namely, cooperative communication. We also consider the problem of routing in intermittently connected networks. In such networks there is no guarantee that a fully connected path between source and destination exists at any time, rendering traditional routing protocols unable to deliver messages between hosts. In this article, we tackle the problem of opportunistic data transfer in mobile ad hoc networks and able to deliver more messages with lower communication overhead. Solution is called Cooperative Opportunistic Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (CORMAN) with Summary vector containing delivery predictability value. It helps not to transfer message to every nodes in range, but to the most likely node. Also other nodes helps the process by transferring the missing message.

In MANETs, routing and resource management are done in a distributed manner; that is, all nodes coordinate to enable communications among themselves. This requires each node to be more intelligent so that it can operate both as a network host for transmitting and receiving data, and as a network router for forwarding packets for other nodes. There are currently two type of mobile wireless networks. The first is known as the infrastructure Centralize Topology or as a fixed structure networks as shown in Figure 1.4. The bridges for these networks are known as base stations (BS). A mobile node within these networks connects and communicates with the nearest BS that is within transmission range. As the mobile goes out of range of one

Any user using an application in a communication network will expect the quality of the application to be high without annoying interruptions or delays. In mobile environments due to user mobility, interference and varying channel conditions lead to a variation of the available network resources which ultimately affects application quality. An approach named over-the-top (OTT) virtual access network allows the aggregation of multiple wireless networks into a single IP pipe to provide users with more bandwidth.

In today’s high-tech world connectivity to networks is extremely important for organizations to survive. Networking is possible of various machines like computers, laptops, cell phones etc.