Quantitative Analysis of Vitamin C Contained in a Fruit Juice

In this experiment redox-based titrimetric analysis was used to determine the amount of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) contained in a serving of lemonade. This was done to confirm the 100 percent recommended daily allowance claimed on the package for a serving of Country Time Lemonade. The titration method used was adding a thyodene indicator to the analyte (lemonade solution) there is a visible colour change when the endpoint of the reaction between the titrant (KIO3) and the analyte occurs. The following reactions show how this titration method is viable. (Draw in reactions) KIO3 first reduced with iodide (I-) to generate iodine (I2 ) which then oxidized the ascorbic acid within the lemonade. Once all the ascorbic acid had reacted any iodine

Vitamin A and D have showed unexpected and crucial effects on immune system. Vitamin A includes innate immune towards microbial infection, absence of vitamin A can increase the chance of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infection. Also excessive intake of vitamin A Is associated with toxicity, including blocked hematopoiesis, mitogen-induced T-cell spread, antigen-specific antibody production, and an increased susceptibility to infectious organisms. Vitamin A is also given by Retinoid supplement to treat the skin effects of T-cell lymphoma. Vitamin C also known as Ascorbic Acid also contribute in innate immunity system, Vitamin C works during infection to prevent oxidative damage. Lower concentration of vitamin C in leukocyte is related to reduce immune response in humans. It has been proven that Vitamin C concentrations in the plasma and leukocytes rapidly decline during infections and stress. Iron chelators such as desferrioxamine inhibit the activity of phagocyte oxidase and reduce reactive oxygen intermediate-dependent killing of bacterial pathogens, both in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, Zinc is a dietary trace mineral that is responsible for growth and development, and it is essential for the function of cells of the immune system. It increased susceptibility to

We seem to think a glass of orange juice, watered down from concentrate and flavored with artificial sweeteners and stuff does the trick. But this is far from being true. As dietitians inform that we are suppose to eat five different fruits and five different vegetables a day as a requirement for healthy development (Parker 56). The key is to eat a variety of fresh, garden-grown products. In the United States, there are few places where fresh, recently-picked and naturally-grown fruits and vegetables are sold at local markets. Fruit and vegetables from a supermarket, like Walmart or Safeway, Fry’s etc.. do not supply us with even half of the valuable nutrients compared to fruits and vegetables from one’s own garden, picked right

In order to get Vitamin A in your diet you must first consume beta-carotene found in orange fruits and veggies. Beta-carotene is broken down and processed by our body and turned into vitamin A which is essential for the eye to properly function and to discourage night blindness. Both A and C vitamins help to reduce the chance of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. Carrot juice is an awesome way to ingest both Vitamins A and C.

Oxidation occurs only in metal, frequently in iron, due to its molecular structure prone to be torn down by oxidation. Corrosion as stated above occurs when an element like iron, combines with water and oxygen. When these elements and compounds integrate, rust takes an appearance; reddish brown forms on the surface of the element. Just like corrosion, oxidation can cause hazards. Since iron is majorly distributed into many architectural projects, and the factor that oxidation can occur unexpectedly, protection must be prioritized. Corrosion can be prevented by restraining metal from coming in contact with water. Coating exposed metal with water proof paint can be a low effort maneuver to prevent oxidation destruction. Locating the symptoms of oxidation is crucial for maintaining it in state you have the potential to keep under sovereignty. Substituting vulnerable metals to material that can withstand oxidation is noncompulsory. Pay attention to the environmental aspects, is it warm or cold, is it humid?

Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid is needed for growth and maintenance of healthy tissues, especially skin, blood vessels, bones, gums, teeth. Vitamin C aids in resistance against infection and healing of wounds. It also helps the body absorb iron from food. Vitamin C can be found in green vegetables, potatoes, tomatoes and citrus fruits such as oranges and lemon. A lack of vitamin C can cause scurvy, iron deficiency and poor wound healing. A healthy diet

Long-time storage might reduced the concentration of Vitamin C in orange, I think that was the major factor causing the Vitamin C concentration to be much lower than the norm. In order to improve this experiment, I would pick three different types of oranges and keep them as fresh as possible. Tea is usually an Alkaline drink, however, in my experiment, both green tea and herbal tea presented high concentration of Vitamin C. When investigating the Ascorbic Acid Concentration, I did not focus on the other components of the substances, and this could lead an error in the high concentration of Green Tea. Green Tea leaves contain another major acidic component, called Tannin. Yet, I was not able to detect whether Tannin has any effects in this reaction; thus, this undetectable acid could also contribute to react with more Iodine solution and caused a high value in the result. Rose Hips, known as a nutritious supplement, contains a large portion of Vitamin C. However, much of the Vitamin C could be destroyed through drying and processing, and it also declines due to storage. I used dry Rose Hips

Antioxidants are molecules that find and destroy the free radicals floating in the bloodstream man. Free radicals are the main culprit for man is aging rapidly, destroying brain cells.

Long been under debate due to conflicting beliefs, Vitamin B17 is essentially a glycoside, which can be found in certain fruits seeds. It was originally discovered in 1803 by separating molecules from the seeds of bitter almonds, also known as Prunus dulcis by A. F. Boutron-Charlard and Pierre-Jean Robiquet.

They have the capacity to stay oxidize and help balance other molecules. Antioxidants have the remarkable ability to repair damaged molecules by donating hydrogen atoms to the molecules. The antioxidants neutralize the free radicals. Unfortunately, the antioxidants produced naturally by the body are not enough to neutralize all of the free radicals in the body. Therefore, a constant supply of external sources of antioxidants should be a part of one's daily diet, in order to reduce oxidative stress and related

Vitamin C is an organic compound that is also known as ascorbic acid. The molecular formula for Vitamin C is C6O8H6. This structure contains a 5-membered ring. Vitamin C contains 4 alcohol functional groups, an alkene, and an ester. Within the ring it contains one double bond, the carbon=carbon bond in the ring structure, this is an alkene functional group. The Vitamin C structure also contains an ester which helps form the five-membered ring.

Vitamin C should be taken in through diets, fruits and vegetables so that it can have its best effects and is good for our health. Vitamin C supplements are only used as addition if our bodies do not have enough Vitamin C.

Vitamin C is crucial for survival for several reasons. For a human body to reach the acme of its physical potential, it must have a daily intake of vitamin C. Deficiency can lead to a fatal symptom known as scurvy. Likewise, iron absorption will be more difficult resulting in iron-deficiency anemia (Smith, Primio & Humphrey-Murto, 2011). However, this nutrient is essential for bodily functions as well. Vitamin C is required for hormone production which is seen by the fact that the highest concentration of it in the human body is in the pituitary and adrenal glands (Emsley, 2004). Moreover, this vitamin aids in protection against free radicals and stress. Vitamin C is also imperative because it assists in the growth of various body parts, including teeth, cartilage, and dentine. This acid is integral for bone development and to heal fractured or broken bones. As said before, “Vitamin C is important in the absorption and metabolism of many nutrients that affect production of red blood cells”, including iron absorption (Smith, Primio, & Humphrey-Murto, 2011). DIRECT QUOTE WITHOUT AUTHOR. Similar to its importance to humans, vitamin C is vital for plant life as well. Plants require the alcohol for growth processes.

Hypothesis & Rationale: Pasteurization decreases the natural level of vitamin C in orange juice because the heat may cause the chemical bonds in ascorbic acid to break down and disband.

A single service of orange juice has more than 200% of the vitamin C requirement of the body. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, functions as a primary antioxidant in the body, and it destroys or neutralizes free radicals before they can do damage to the body’s systems. Our bodies need vitamin C to stimulate other aspects of our immune system as well. Furthermore, ascorbic acid is one of the fundamental components of collagen, which is necessary to repair cells and for the growth of new tissues in the