Quantitative Article Summary

According to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The National Institute of Justice, one in four women in the United States has experienced domestic violence during her lifetime (Battered Woman Syndrome, 2012). This type of abuse can be fatal and detrimental to one’s personal growth. When woman are repeatedly abused, they show different signs, symptoms and general characteristics. These characteristics are defined as Battered Woman Syndrome.

Working with victims of domestic violence can be an extremely rewarding and fulfilling endeavor. One of the most crucial aspects for a paralegal working with victim of domestic violence is adequately engaging in the task of educating oneself to understand the commonalities of such victims and the ordeals that they have been through. Such clients are drastically different from other individuals who have suffered other physical and violent crimes. Understanding the background of someone who has lived through domestic violence is absolutely central to being able to provide adequate and sensitive legal care. Most victims of domestic violence are women (95%) though domestic violence can have an impact on ever age, class, race, ethnic, cultural or religious group (purplerainfoundation, 2012). "In the United States, nearly one in three adult women experience at least one physical assault by a partner during adulthood (American Psychological Association, Presidential Task Force on Violence and the Family 1996 Report)" (purplerainfoundation, 2012). These women are often terrified of their partner's temper, apologize when they are abused and often in the most extremely controlling and isolated environment where the abusive partner will control who the partner sees and where the partner goes outside of the home, jealous of outside relationships (purplerainfoundation, 2012). In these abusive relationships the women are hit,

By contrast, the main purpose corresponded with qualitative research is to make understanding with regard to participants. Moreover, qualitative research has many different ways of collecting information, but the best ways of qualitative research is to approach the sources of information, it is due to make the deeper understanding of the issues (Easterby-Smith et al, 2002; Wood et al., 2010, p. 59). In addition, quantitative and qualitative both were also many researchers debated. For example, quantitative research is mostly experimental and qualitative research is mainly non-experimental (Leeds-Hurwitz, 1995, p.50), (see table 5). While, various researchers also combined two methods for researching, which was called that “mixed-methods”. Creswell, (2003) have stated

In research the two main used approaches are qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research represents the study of perceptions, emotions and experiences in the direction of understanding the human behaviour therefore from a subjective perspective ( R). On the other side the quantitative research is expressed numerical, measurable, appropriate for statistics defined as being objective and can be used for general public (R). Another difference, according to Moule (2015) is that qualitative approach is usually using a smaller sampling size for the study than the quantitative approach. As the qualitative research is inductive, the process is orientated and using a holistic view, allows the researcher

Prolonged exposure (PE) is a specific exposure therapy program that derives from Emotional Processing Theory (EPT). The idea of emotional processing is to interpret realistic information and accommodate that information into a fear structure which in turn diminishes the fear (Foa, 2011). Foa (2011) acknowledges that the idea of failing to process trauma is

A study conducted by Ullman, S., Townsend, S., Filipas, H., & Starzynski, L. (2007) evaluated the origin of posttraumatic stress disorder. The purpose of the study is to analyze how sexual assaults can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder. The study was composed of 1,084 women, who responded to mail surveys about unwanted sexual experiences. The first time the researchers sent out the surveys only 90 percent of women responded. The sample in this study decreased to 636 women after many surveys were thrown out due to missing data and not everyone responded. The researchers focused on women ages of 18 to 71 that had unwanted sexual experiences. Out of the 636 women, only 5% of them were never sexually assaulted (Ullman, 2007). These researchers

In 1970 a support group concerning abused and battered women joined forces with other women’s group in order to suppress the ongoing abuse to women and create programs such as sexual assault centres, counselling, and victim service, to help overcome the stress of the abused victims as well as prevent such disgraceful demeanour (Artega,2016). These programs was created a decade ago, and still abuse victim cases seemed to be ongoing in society and the victims are even allowing such abuse to occur ,even with all the stress and burden that is being put upon them by their husband. Such incidents is what drive this study to determine the psychological factors that let women endure physical violence ,as well as determine and compare the difference of the personalities of battered women who endure violence and to ones that don’t. And this research seeks to identify

Battered woman syndrome (BWS) develops in many women and make it difficult for them to maintain and manage a sense of normalcy. Before data could be collected, I would need to speak with the girls without her partner present. In doing so, makes it difficult to effectively give informed consent. Some argue that BWS has been identified as a subcategory of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, speaking with them could put the participants at risk for retraumatization. In the field of counseling, our first premise is ‘non maleficence’ which means do no harm. There are various outcomes of participation in the study that could further damage their well-being (i.e retailation from partner and retraumatization). All participants in the study would need referrals to trauma professionals who specialize in intimate partner violence and/or Abuse. Counselors also have a duty to report any suspensions of abuse. As a mandated reporter it is my obligation to report any suspensions of abuse to the appropriate authorities. However, this would be difficult due to the confidential participation in the study by each

Along with culture PTSD can vary extensively within gender. The types of traumatic experiences that frequently occur between genders can vary greatly. Unfortunately research has proven, “rape has been found to be the trauma most commonly associated with PTSD among women, and approximately one third of the victims will be diagnosed with PTSD at some time following the assault” (Moller, Backstrom, Sondergaard, & Helstrom, 2014, p. 1). This research shows a gender difference between the types of traumatic events that occur and what type of traumatic events will lead to a diagnosis of PTSD. Furthermore, research conducted by Moller, et al (2014) revealed that most studies separate the potential risk factors into three categories: pre-assault variable, assault variables, and post assault variables. Pre-assault variables were described as demographics, earlier victimization, and psychiatric mobility. Assault related variables were described as victim assailant relationship, injuries, and perceived threat to life. Post assault variables were described as social support, coping strategies, and the impact of contact with the legal system. The difference in these variables allow for each stage of the offense to provide different opportunities to create a diagnosis of PTSD. However, a women who is resilient may have less of a chance to develop PTSD, but if she does, a therapist with whom she has created

[Overcoming Domestic Violence as a Victim: A Qualitative Search Method on the future behavior of Domestic Violence victims]. [Nakia Williams, 2016]. [ERIC Descriptors: Domestic Violence, Victims, Love, Abuse, Knowledge, Humiliation, Dominancy]

Judith Herman, M.D. with this book introduces us readers into the most impacting stories about trauma and recovery. As she tells us in the introduction, she used real cases from her professional experience working as a Doctor. She was also a Professor and a Feminist. For her, the author, Feminism has a great influence over her and her understanding of the impact that trauma has over its victims.

Robinson, Lawrence, Melinda Smith, M.A, and Jeanne Segal Ph.D. "Emotional and Psychological Trauma." : Symptoms, Treatment, and Recovery. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb.

The effects of interpersonal violence vary significantly from person to person and cannot be defined by pre-formulated assault syndromes or lists of expected symptoms. Instead, post-victimization consequences are the complex result of a wide number of trauma-specific, historic, victim, and social variables, ensuring that the clinical presentation of any given woman cannot be reviewed merely by the fact of her assault, an assault syndrome, or even by her DSM-5 diagnosis. “This is not to say that some effects are not relatively common among women who are victimized, such as depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress.” (Briere & Jordan, 2004, p. 1267) Even these, however, are not inevitable, nor are they specific to a given type of assault.

The population I am interested in providing services for are women of Domestic Violence. In addition to examining and treating victims of domestic violence, I would like to assess the effects of maltreatment and how it is interwoven into the fabric of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD). Nonetheless, this epidemic affects all individuals regardless of their community, age, economic status, sexual orientation, gender, race, religion, or nationality. Similarly, this type of abuse is associated with emotionally abusive and controlling behavior as well, that may or may not demonstrate a pattern of dominance and control (safehorizon.org). Domestic violence can result in physical injury, psychological trauma, and in severe cases, even death. The devastating physical, emotional, and psychological consequences of domestic violence can cross generations, and in some individuals last for a lifetime if it goes untreated (safehorizon.org).

Defining Qualitative are dynamic they change because situations are not static and they having multiple realities, none of which is more valid or true than another. The purpose of qualitative methodology is to explain and get insight and understanding or description. By cautious and extreme literature review and data collection, which create hypotheses assumptions and the hypotheses are tested such inductive inferences develop while in contrast quantitative research methodology prevent relatively change in situation and events and it is depend on single reality which researcher ensure generalization and understanding. The aim of quantitative methodology in research is to predict the situation or event by the statistical testing of variables, whether they have correlation or not this is focused on numerical data such hypotheses are tested and develop deductive conclusion of the situation and event.