Quantitative Critique of the Article on Continuous Handrail Support

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

P6- follows guidelines to interpret collected data for heart rate, breathing rate and temperature before and after a standard period of exercise

The heart rates of participants was tested before the step test, one minute, two minutes, and three minutes after the step test was performed in this experiment. Since heart rate increases while someone is performing physical activity, it was expected that heart rates of the students would be higher than before the step

The article begins, “reminiscing about the good old days…” automatically setting a familiar and friendly tone to the reader, rather than a scientific approach. Often writers of newspapers or magazines use language that is easily understood by the general public, using no scholarly or technical language. This simple language is used as a way to assume that the reader does not know much about the topic, demonstrating background information that is comfortably understood to a broad audience. The article is of general interest and is seen as relatively short. Some simple terms used in the article include “sedentary,” “bilateral,” and “optimal,” all of which are recognizable and comprehensible to the general public (Rowan). Rhetorical questions are scattered throughout the article, providing emphasis and an informal feel. The difference between scholarly and popular sources can be seen readily when each are compared

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are a growing problem around the world today. Not only do diseases such as diabetes and heart disease affect individuals and their lifestyles, they also affect the economy, politics, education and the professional work environment. 20-26% of individuals in the United States live with heart disease, and obesity and high blood pressure compose the greatest factors for developing this disease [20]. Studies have shown a direct correlation between the amount of sedentary time and cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk, regardless of baseline measurements [20]. Thus, increase in physical activity will decrease cardiometabolic risk factors [8]. Several studies indicate a positive correlation between physical activity and decreased cardiometabolic risk markers [2,4,11,16]. However, we now know that an individual who is getting the recommended physical activity per day can still have a large amount of sedentary time.

The controlled variable included the exercise bike and heart rate monitor. There are several limitations, systematic and random errors that should be considered when interpreting these results. (4) The controlled variables were not tested before this experiment to see if they were working and reliable. Figure 2 heart rate was quite inconsistent and did not follow the pattern of the other results, which maybe suggest a random error with the heat rate monitor. A systematic error could include the fitness of the participants. One of the test subjects is an endurance athlete and the other does not compete in any sport. This would affect the results because for the endurance-trained athlete, from their training they increase their cardiac output results from a substantial increase in maximal stroke volume. In untrained persons, cardiac output increases in response to exercise primarily by an increase in heart rate. The endurance-trained athlete does so mainly by an increase in stroke volume. Simply meaning that although both participants are doing the same cadence and length the endurance athletes skewers the results by already having an increased rate in stroke volume. Another systematic error may include the rate of perceived effort. For the most accurate results, the measured maximum heart rate would be necessary to give an accurate cadence to ride at.

During exercise there is an increase in cardiac output, which corresponds to an increase in maximal oxygen consumption. With the increase in oxygen consumption, a greater increase in blood flow occurs. This means there is more oxygen circulating in the blood for the tissues to take up. Due to the increase in blood flow, vasoconstriction of arterioles occurs to maintain mean arterial pressure (Bassett & Edward, 1997). This limits oxygen consumption because some of the blood flow is directed to the brain and skin. It is further pointed out that the heart is another limiting factor because it determines how much blood and oxygen are supplied to the muscles especially when blood flow exceeds maximal cardiac output (Bassett & Edward,

When looking at heart rate over time it was found that the participants were able to exercise for longer than when they exercised at a continuous pace. In the graph in compare to female students, Participant 1 is more trained in comparison to participant 2, and is therefore able to exercise longer and at a lower heart rate, so it takes more time for participant 1 to fatigue. (Figure.1.) It was found, that with intermittent exercise a higher total work output was achieved, this is because the participants are able to work longer, even during the recovery phase they are generating some work. (Figure 2). It was found the time to

The use of relevant heading and subheadings was essential in making the paper flow and follow a systematic format. The purpose section of the paper was brief and lacked clearly articulated information regarding the research problem. The authors’ had a theoretical/conceptual framework laid out within the paper. Looking at the effect of physical activity, different stages of CAD, and outcomes of the physical activity levels within the study comparing the three participant groups’ outcomes. The authors’ did draw on theoretical rationales that showed a relationship between the variables from cited information; for example, identifying that reaching daily physical activity recommendations but being sedentary throughout the rest of the day will impact the CAD patient’s cardiovascular health (Buijis et al., 2015). They did identify the concept of the paper within the purpose statement and showed a direct correlation between cardiac rehabilitation and expected comes of each group. The evidence from the study was beneficial in the cardiac rehabilitation education arena. The authors’ clearly highlight the importance of education, cardiac rehabilitation support to maintain participation and the significance of physical actively for each of the participant groups. It would have been beneficial to see a portion of the paper that would explain how to better support the patient who suffered from a cardiac event. The recommendation throughout the paper were informal and were cited from other sources. It would have been helpful if the authors’ would have made a recommendation section to address what could be done in improving the physical activity levels and projected health outcomes of patients diagnosed with

Biomechanical experiments are essential in order to assess some critical aspects of health sciences such the proper way of walking especially for individuals suffering from different conditions such as strike. Walking can also be incorporated in weight loss or cardiovascular programs meant to enhance the overall health of individuals. In this respect, gait analysis including other aspects such as heart rate and cadence can play a critical role in informing the best ways to perform walking exercises. The specific aims of the proposed study are to assess the effect of walking speed on gait and heart rate. This objective is meant to show whether walking faster on a treads mill can enhance the cardiovascular activity of an individual significantly. It also seeks to determine whether the walking speed may affect gait in positive or adverse ways. The other aim of the study is to determine the effect of a belt on gait of an individual while walking. This may be

Method and results - The study was compiled of seven female students from the University of Huddersfield. For the exercise a step was used, a polar heart rate monitor was used for each participant with an independent assessor timing the participants, and recording the readings. Results of the study showed there was an increase in heart rate when performing mild exercise.

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.

Good physical health is a vital part of the well-being of every person. A major component of our physical health is “Cardiovascular fitness”. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of the heart and lungs to provide oxygen to the muscles for activity of an extended duration. If we have a good level of cardio-vascular fitness we are able to sustain activity for a reasonable period of time and not fatigue easily. This can give individuals a variety of health benefits and allow more regular and enjoyable activity to be participated in. This research report will examine my results of cardio-vascular fitness tests and weekly physical activity events, which

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

The literature on the effects of exercise of cardiac output maintains the idea that exercise should affect cardiac output- pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, QRS-pulse lag, P-T and T-P intervals, because of increased heart rate. For our experiment, we tested this theory by measuring our cardiac output before and after some rigorous exercise. We measured the individual cardiac output and then combined the data to compose a class-wide data average. We compared the results of the experiment to what we expected, which was that exercise does affect our heart. Our data from this experiment supported the notion that exercise does, in fact, change cardiac output.