Quantitative Research Design Critique Template

I will analyse the prevalence of the condition and what the potential causes may be. My interests have been directed to pre hospital care and community lead treatment packages, which are potentially available to the patient, as this is the acute environment, which I will have contact with in my employment as a paramedic. The initial reading was to understand COPD as a chronic condition, what is COPD? and its prevalence in the population. The (World health organisation, 2000), states that one in four deaths in the world are caused by COPD. In 2010 (Vos T Flaxman etal, 2012), says globally there were approximately 329 million, which is 4.8% of the population who are affected by this chronic condition, In the UK (NICE, 2010), have estimated that 3 million people suffer from COPD, with more yet to be diagnosed. This information about the amount of people living with this condition was surprising, as I little knowledge of its existence. During the early 1960’s (Timothy Q. Howes, 2005), says the term COPD had been designated as a single term unifying all the chronic respiratory diseases. Since then the term COPD, has been sub divided in to three umbrella areas, Bronchitis, Emphysema and Chronic asthma, which are separate conditions, which I have been previously aware of as their individual conditions. The 58 year old patient who we visited,

There are no cure for this disease. However, there are different treatment to prevent further deterioration of the lungs function in order to improve the quality of life of the patient by increasing capacity of their physical activity. One of the main severe complication a patient with COPD can develop is exacerbation. Increased breathlessness, increased sputum volume and purulent sputum are the signs and symptoms of exacerbation. Early detection of the signs of exacerbation can help keep the condition of the patient from worsening. The treatments of COPD mainly aims at controlling the symptoms of exacerbation such as taking inhalers. Patients who are over the age of 35 and ex-smokers with chronic cough and bronchitis are recommended to have spirometer (NICE, 2004). This is because it is possible to delay or prevent patients from developing severe case of COPD is identified before they lose their lungs functions. Oxygen therapy is another treatment for COPD as the patients with this condition has high

The study began with 32 patients having stages II to IV COPD. They had to meet the criteria pertaining to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; total lung capacity >120%, (FEV1/FVC) <70%, FEV1 <80%, RV/TLC >140% and >40% of predicted values in stable conditions. Patients were removed from the study if they had asthma, heart failure, orthopedic impairments of the shoulder girdle, recent surgery, past thoracic fractures, pneumothorax, and claustrophobia.

The study included 100 patients with COPD. All patients fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to its demographic and clinical parameters and treatment groups differ among themselves. Completed the study, all patients included in the study. The therapy in all patients with a clinically meaningful improvement of symptoms was observed.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is in the top five principal cause of death in the U.S. The disease is an abnormal inflammatory reaction in the lungs with limited airflow. COPD characteristically arises around the age 35. Smoking continues to be the main source of COPD, but is not the only known root cause. In many studies, smoking explanations for at least three fourths of COPD cases ("Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | University of Maryland Medical Center," n.d.). Stopping smoking has been known to improve lung capabilities and help to prevent death from COPD. Genetic conditions and introductions to airborne toxins, irritants and gasses are correspondingly involved in the growth of the illness. A complete treatment plan could comprise of lifestyle changes, one or more medications, patient education, oxygen therapy respiratory rehabilitation, and surgery ("Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | University of Maryland Medical Center," n.d.).

Within the confines of this assignment, it is the hope of the author that the reader will obtain an understanding of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This will be achieved by bringing the reader through the patients’ illness journey. The assignment will begin by defining COPD and briefly going through the pathophysiology and incidents of the condition. From there the reader will embark on the journey, starting with diagnosis.

In this reflective piece of writing I will be explaining how chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the patient physically, psychologically ,and socially ,I will also explain how the disease affects his daily routine and how it impacts on his family life. I will give an overview of the clinical signs and symptoms, how the disease alters the pathphysiology of the lungs, and what these changes cause within the body.

All over the world, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a very significant and prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality, and it is increasing with time (Hurd, 2000; Pauwels, 2000; Petty, 2000). Due to the factor of COPD being an underdiagnosed and undertreated disease, the epidemiology (Pauwels, Rabe, 2004) is about 60 to 85 % with mild or moderate COPD remaining undiagnosed (Miravitlles et al., 2009; Hvidsten et al., 2010).

This assignment will explain the pathophysiology of the disease process chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It will examine how this disease affects an individual looking at the biological, psychological and social aspects. It will accomplish this by referring to a patient who was admitted to a medical ward with an exacerbation of COPD. Furthermore with assistance of Gibbs model of reflection (as cited in Bulman & Schutz, 2004) it will demonstrate how an experience altered an attitude. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council, (NMC) Code of Professional Conduct (NMC, 2005) regarding safeguarding patient information no names or places will be divulged. Therefore throughout the assignment the patient will be referred to

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, also known as COPD, is the third leading cause of death in the United States. COPD includes extensive lungs diseases such as emphysema, non-reversible asthma, specific forms of bronchiectasis, and chronic bronchitis. This disease restricts the flow of air in and out of the lungs. Ways in which these limitations may occur include the loss of elasticity in the air sacs and throughout the airways, the destruction of the walls between air sacs, the inflammation or thickening of airway walls, or the overproduction of mucus in airways which can lead to blockage. Throughout this paper I am going to explain the main causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and ways to reduce COPD.

Utilizing Neuman’s Systems Model as the framework, a random assignment, comparative experimental research design is proposed. Implementation of PR for COPD patients to optimize their health in a disease state would represent a tertiary level of practice intervention per Neuman’s Systems Model. The concepts being explored include, the comparison effect of a nurse led home-based PR program verses a nurse-led primary care office based PR program verse no PR program for patients who have had an acute hospital discharge within the past 15 days. The variables to be measured include hospital readmission for a period of one year after completion of the PR program or 10 weeks post enrollment, lung function defined by the measurement of

To systematically summarize information related to how patients value COPD outcomes and to discuss the methodological challenges in conducting such systematic reviews.

Week 6 Assignment: Application: Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies (due by Day 7 of Week 7)

The facts and statistics provided were well researched and were convincing. The central arguments are related to evaluating the effectiveness of quitting smoking in the management of COPD. Orisasami and Ojo have used references and data from various research where pharmacotherapies (Bupropion, NRT) and non-pharmacotherapies (different forms of counseling) were applied individually and combined. The authors have analyzed the data which show that there is link between smoking and the lung disease and quitting smoking aids do contribute to controlling of COPD. The analysis is logical and easy to follow, thus proving that Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease can be controlled by using smoking cessation aids; the aids are most cost-effective and best when combined. The study also showed the data of people having COPD who claimed to be healthy individuals, yet were dying internally; thus, showing us that smoking cessation strategies need attention and should be adopted

We conducted meta-analyses of EQ-5D utilities across different GOLD levels, based on an inverse-variance approach. The pooled estimates for EQ-5D measurements of mild, moderate, severe, and very severe COPD are 0.821 (95% CI: 0.814-0.828), 0.760 (95% CI: 0.756-0.765), 0.727 (95% CI: 0.722-0.732), and 0.681 (95% CI: 0.675-0.686). Results based on visual analogue scale demonstrated a similar trend. There was insufficient data for meta-analysis on the utilities across different disease severity levels according to time trade off and standard gamble.