Quantitative Research Methods

Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the United States, causing about 610,000 deaths yearly (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Cardiovascular disease is defined as a group of disorders damaging the heart and blood vessels, usually involving the blockage of vessels, which in turn harm the heart (WHO, 2015). A 2011 American Heart Association statement predicted that without intervention, 40% of United States adults will have at least one form of Cardiovascular disease by 2030. A large portion of these deaths by cardiovascular disease is due to the sedentary population. To better prevent cardiovascular disease, the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee stated that adults should complete about 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity, or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity physical activity weekly (Barry, Blair, Church, Hooker, Sui, Warren, 2010). Research has shown that meeting these recommendations is linked with lower cardiovascular disease risk, as well as reduced risk of mortality. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that only about 20.3% of Americans meet these guidelines. These statistics show that the majority of the United States population does not get nearly the amount of physical activity they need. However, even though many people are not doing the recommended amount of physical activity, this may not mean that they are living a sedentary life. Living a sedentary lifestyle is

According to Healthy People 2020, “The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAG) released in 2008, was the first-ever publication of national guidelines for physical activity. The physical activity topics and objectives for Healthy People 2020 reflect the strong state of the science supporting the health benefits of regular physical activity among youth and adults, as identified in the PAG”, (United States Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], Healthy People 2020, 2016).

Compare and contrast quantitative and qualitative methods on each of the elements listed. Please use scholarly, academic literature to support your response.

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are a growing problem around the world today. Not only do diseases such as diabetes and heart disease affect individuals and their lifestyles, they also affect the economy, politics, education and the professional work environment. 20-26% of individuals in the United States live with heart disease, and obesity and high blood pressure compose the greatest factors for developing this disease [20]. Studies have shown a direct correlation between the amount of sedentary time and cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk, regardless of baseline measurements [20]. Thus, increase in physical activity will decrease cardiometabolic risk factors [8]. Several studies indicate a positive correlation between physical activity and decreased cardiometabolic risk markers [2,4,11,16]. However, we now know that an individual who is getting the recommended physical activity per day can still have a large amount of sedentary time.

For example, increasing calorie intake increases body weight indicating a positive relationship. A negative correlation where the individual physical activity increases, the body weight decreases. A combination of a healthy eating plan, weight loss, and sufficient aerobic physical activity can help improve abnormal lipids and high blood pressure, hence, delaying and reducing the complications of diabetes. A successful example of prevention can be achieved via education to increase knowledge of diabetes risk factors and opening a fitness center in the community. As diabetes prevalence continues to rise, so does the cost of medical care. Therefore, exercise and proper nutrition are the cornerstones of prevention and treatment of

This shows an importance placed more heavily on the diet part of the program than on the exercise. This could have directly affected the results. In relation to the diet, the adults experienced a decrease in their urinary Na/K, their blood pressure, and their total cholesterol when they monitored the intake of healthy foods. Changes were also seen as an increase in their body mass index when they monitored the intake of unhealthy foods. These changes were not as obvious when monitoring exercise results. In regards to exercise, there were no significant correlations between the measured variables and the adults in the study.

In the journal review written by Lopes and Fayh, obese individuals assess the effects of 5% of diet only or diet and exercise. There were a study that was conducted in a clinical setting. There were forty-eight participants who were dieting only, and there were forty-eight participants who dieting and exercising only. The study was conducted until 5% of the body weight was lost. The participants in 79.6 days for the diet only group and 69.6 days in the diet and exercise group diminish significantly in their weight and cholesterol ( Lopes & Fayh, 2013, p.1443).

Goal: Patients will demonstrate a daily exercise routine or some type of physical activity in 2 weeks as evidence by performing the routine or activity. “Overall 36.2% of adults 18 years and older report no leisure-time physical activity.” (Edelman, 265) By applying some type of physical activity the family will burn calories and increase their metabolic rate. “Recommended ACSM guidelines for exercise include, a program of low-impact aerobic exercise, increase in daily activities, and resistance training, a frequency of 5 to 7 times a week, and a length of 40 to 60 minutes a day or 20 to 30 minutes twice daily.” (Edelman

The authors relied heavily on two studies to create their argument. The first study mentioned was the Pinto et al article. In this study, "Pinto and colleagues (5) assessed the

3. Haennel RG, Lemire F. Physical activity to prevent cardiovascular disease. How much is enough? Canadian Family Physician 2002; 48: 65-71. Available at: http://www.cfp.ca/cgi/reprint/48/1/65

The Mayo Clinic Staff (Mayo Clinic, 2014) wrote, “Want to feel better, have more energy and perhaps even live longer? Look no further than exercise.” Most people have heard that regular exercise is the key to being healthy and can help prevent health conditions and diseases such as high blood pressure, heart diseases, and obesity. Type 2 Diabetes is becoming a world-wide health crisis and exercise helps lower the risk of the onset of the disease. (Whitbourne, 2012). According to many research studies, exercise benefits a lot of things including, quality of life, staying fit, boosting your energy, promotes a better sleep pattern, improves your mood, promote social relationships, and it can also put the spark back into your sex life (Mayo

Taubes gives many examples about how obesity is not caused by eating too much. But what about not exercising enough? While acknowledging that exercise is important to lower the risks of heart disease and diabetes, he concludes that exercise really does not lead to substantial weight loss. The USDA guidelines have even suggested that up to 90 minutes a day of vigorous exercise

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015, June 20). Exercise and chronic disease: Get the facts. Retrieved from

Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults, (Shields, Willis, Piner, 2012). The reason for this examination was looked at the impacts of comparative measures of oxygen consuming and protection preparing on weight and fat mass in overweight adults.  Participants were 119 stationaries, overweight or corpulent grown-ups who were randomized to one of three 8-mo practice protocols. According to Shield (2012), The finding of this investigation was criteria were age 18 to 70 years, inactive (practicing ≤1– 2 times/wk), overweight or respectably large (weight file 25– 35 kg/m2), and with gentle to direct dyslipidemia (either LDL cholesterol 130– 190 mg/dl or HDL cholesterol ≤40 mg/dl for men or ≤45 mg/dl for ladies). Insurance getting ready and changes in entire weight and aggregate fat mass. despite whether oxygen devouring or insurance getting ready is prevalent in starting changes all in all body structure it gives AT alone is the perfect technique for action for diminishing fat mass and total weight, (Shields, Willis, Piner, 2012).

According to Krause’s Food & the Nutrition Care Process (2011), one primary health risk involved with untreated morbid obesity is metabolic syndrome, which tends to occur with the progression of excessive visceral adipose tissue and low cardiorespiratory fitness.1 Mr. McKinley’s BMI classifies him as morbidly obese, and he works as an office manager and has had a total knee replacement, which may contribute to physical inactivity and therefore increases metabolic syndrome risk. Since Mr. McKinley has elevated triglycerides (245 mg/dL) and fasting glucose (145 mg/dL), and lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (32 mg/dL), he meets the criteria for metabolic syndrome. The presence of