Part B:
Both excess and portfolio returns were calculated in the previous section. Subtraction of the portfolio returns from the ASX 200 benchmark returns yields the tracking error figures. Correlation figure for portfolio against ASX 200 benchmark was 0.4568 or 45.68%.
The correlation coefficient interval is limited to integer values of both negative and positive one. Assets can be perfectly correlated at both extremes, (Brailsford, Heaney & Bilson, 2011, p. 25). All four asset class correlation figures (A-REITS, infrastructure funds, domestic and international ETFs) measured against ASX 200 benchmark will be looked at in detail.
Three of the four asset classes measured against the ASX 200 benchmark had positive correlations. Domestic
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Here, the correlation figure amounted to -0.2090 or -20.90%. Factors highlighting negative returns include an appreciation of the Australian dollar, heavy losses sustained due to the Global Financial Crisis between 2008 and 2009 and stagnated growth throughout the previous decade of -2.1%, (Brailsford, Heaney & Bilson, 2011, p. 87). The loss of investment returns can be minimised by undertaking due diligence and research into asset categories on the investors’ behalf, (Brailsford, Heaney & Bilson, 2011, p. 26). Part C:
PART TWO:
The Indonesian Stock Exchange oversees the Indonesian Stock Market. Establishment occurred in 1912 for trading with Dutch East Indies business entities. Macro-economic factors involving the transition of government power from The Netherlands to Indonesia affected advancement of the Indonesian stock market, (Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative, 2013). Progression stagnated due to the absence of equity financing, minimal income growth and overexertion of financial institutions throughout the nation. The stock exchange re-established in 1977 as the Jakarta Stock Exchange comprising of 24 companies. Stock exchange listings declined due to the dominance of financial institutions and profitability shortages. Listings occurred with the assistance of forced government intervention, (Kung, Caverhill & McLeod, 2010, p. 330).
Deregulation and privatisation of capital markets by the Indonesian
In your report, identify which of the portfolios are not part of the efficient set when the correlation is
The extracted data used includes monthly returns from January 1972 to July 2011. The assets are selected so that the portfolio contains the largest, most liquid, and most tradable assets. The choice of such a variety of assets across several markets was used in order to generate a large cross sectional dispersion in average return. It helped to reveal new factor exposure and define a general framework of the correlated value and momentum effects in various asset classes.
Advisors and investors would do well to pay as much attention to the expected volatility of any portfolio or investment as they do to anticipated returns. Moreover, all things being equal, a new investment should only be added to a portfolio when it either reduces the expected risk for a targeted level of returns, or when it boosts expected portfolio returns without adding additional risk, as measured by the expected standard deviation of those returns. Lesson 2: Don’t assume bonds or international stocks offer adequate portfolio diversification. As the world’s financial markets become more closely correlated, bonds and foreign stocks may not provide adequate portfolio diversification. Instead, advisors may want to recommend that suitable investors add modest exposure to nontraditional investments such as hedge funds, private equity and real assets. Such exposure may bolster portfolio returns, while reducing overall risk, depending on how it is structured. Lesson 3: Be disciplined in adhering to asset allocation targets. The long-term benefits of portfolio diversification will only be realized if investors are disciplined in adhering to asset allocation guidelines. For this reason, it is recommended that advisors regularly revisit portfolio allocations and rebalance
This was a simulation project related to application of different tools of portfolio management. The project was applied by using stocktrak.com platform. This website provides the students and teachers with a real time simulation platform for learning the portfolio investment. A specific allocated amount was used in this simulation project for portfolio investment. A portfolio was created of different securities like stocks, bonds and currencies. These bonds and securities were from different sectors of economy like technology industry, financial industry, consumer goods industry, services industry, health industry, industrial goods industry, utilities industry, and basic materials industry. The top performing stocks in this simulation project were Bank of America Corporation, Hersha Hospitality trust, Deans Food Company, Loews Corporation, and Pepsi Co Inc. The study also found that the percentage return on portfolio remained above the return realized on Dow Jones ETF during the timeline of the project.
Markowitz contribution showed that the benefits of diversification depend not just on risking individual assets but also on how the asset returns interact with each other, or the correlation between returns.
As of November 17, 2017, we had a negative return of 7.46%, whereas the benchmark index generated a return of 3.48%, meaning that we underperformed the benchmark by 10.94%. The decrease in market value of common stock holdings accounted for approximately 3.46% of the total loss, and losses from futures contracts accounted for approximately 4%. The standard deviation of our portfolio was 3.41%. Our portfolio had a shape ratio of -2.35%, and the information ratio was computed to be -9.6%.
Government: Commonwealth, state and government trading enterprises D. Overseas—the rest of the world 6. The risk that impacts specifically on the share price of a particular company is called: A. economic risk B. business risk C. systematic risk D. unsystematic risk 7. When investors buy and sell shares based on receiving new information on shares and markets, this is known as: A. active investment B. a diversified strategy C. a market replication strategy D. passive investment 8. To track the S&P500, a fund manager can buy: A. all the stocks in the S&P500 B. an S&P500 index fund C. a percentage of stocks that essentially tracks the index D. All of the given answers. 9. The correlation of pairs of securities within a portfolio is called: A. co-association B. correspondence C. covariance D. variance 10. The correlation between two shares: A. can take on positive values
Nevertheless, such reduction in diversification would make risk increase. The complete table “Risk and returns of portfolios” provides the different changes. 5. The portfolio between TECO – S&P 500 has an expected return of 14.3% and a standard deviation of 14.1%. In this portfolio the correlation is greater than the one in the other portfolio because the risk-reducing effect is much lower than the one in the portfolio TECO – Gold Hill.
She thought, “It’s obvious that the question of interest is the financial impact incurred relative to the benchmark of a well-managed portfolio. It was pretty clear that Martin’s portfolio had experienced significant losses. As to the data, the year-end statements are all that we need. The comparison will be easy”.
There will be a multitude of trials and tribulations that a man will have to endure in order to achieve a higher plateau in their life. I had many great experiences in my life, but I have also had many disappointing ones. One of those disappointing moments in my life occurred when I was an 18 year old senior at City Arts in Technology high school.
Estimate and compare the returns and variability (i.e. annual standard deviation over the past five years) of Reynolds and Hasbro with that of the S&P 500 Index. Which stock appears to be riskiest?
First, I did a summary statistics of the three assets base on the latest five years’ worth of monthly returns for Vanguard S&P 500 Index
To reduce a firm’s specific risk or residual risk a portfolio should have negative covariance or rather it should have no variance at all, for large portfolios however calculating variance requires greater and sophisticated computing power. As such, Index models greatly decrease the computations needed to calculate the optimum portfolio. The use of such Index models also eliminates illogical or rather absurd results. The Single Index model (SIM) and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) are such models used to calculate the optimum portfolio.
According to the CAPM model:R_i=α+βR_m+ε, α represent the abnormal return gained by the portfolio. If the market is efficiency, the α has to be zero.
As a result, many different factors have been tested across different markets. Historically, most studies have relied on general economic theories or empirical observations in selecting Factors. Benaković and Posedel (2010) emphasize Interest rates, oil prices, and industrial production. Chen, Roll and Ross (1986) use industrial production growth, inflation, bonds spread, NYSE stock market returns, oil prices, interest term structure, and consumption to decompose returns of a portfolio with general securities. Bodurtha, Cho and Senbet (1989) even uses international factors. Most of literatures have focused on applying different factors with a portfolio of many securities, as it is widely known that idiosyncratic risks diversifies away as the number of